90 



CHEMISTRY. 



the cost of the guard of honor of the national au- 

 thority. 



ABT. XXIV. The Central-American Congress will 

 meet in the city of La Union, of Salvador, three 

 mouths after tne exchange of credentials of this 

 pact, and u minority of its members united may dic- 

 tate the means lor obtaining the presence of the 

 others, but the Congress cannot be held with less 

 than four-lift hs of it> members present. The trav- 

 elling and daily expenses of the latter shall be de- 

 termined ami paid by their respective Governments. 

 AKT. XXV. In the place appointed for the resi- 

 dence of tne national authorities about to be estab- 

 lished, there shall not exist any other armed force 

 than that subject to its orders j the republic in whose 

 territory it is located engaging itself to have no 

 military jurisdiction over said territory. 



AKT. XXVI. The Central-American Governments 

 oblige themselves to carry out the stipulations of the 

 present convention in those points which are, or 

 may be, deemed essential for the preservation of 

 peace in Central America. 



AI:T. XXVII. Even before the exchange of ratifi- 

 cation of credentials, all the Governments oblige 

 themselves to preserve the peace and avoid disputes 

 by employing conciliatory measures ; but, if these 

 should not be sufficient, each one of said Govern- 

 ments has full liberty, while such is in prosecution, 

 to act as it thinks proper without forfeiting the 

 right to carry out, when the time comes, the union 

 stipulated in the agreement. 



ART. XXVIII. All and each of the Central- Ameri- 

 can Republics oblige themselves to lay down, sustain, 

 and fulfil all and each of the principles and stipula- 

 tions contained in the present pact ; any breach of it 

 shall be made the subject of the arbitral and collec- 

 tive judgment of the Governments or of the national 

 authority, which obliges itself to fulfil and cause to 

 be fulfilled. 



ART. XXIX. The Governments of theEepublicS of 

 Central America, after the exchange of the ratifica- 

 tions of this treaty, are under obligation to make 

 the latter known to foreign Governments with whom 

 they are or may be in relations. 



ART. XXX. The exchange of ratifications of this 

 treaty shall take placj in the city of La Union of 

 Central America, within three months from the elate 

 of the signing thereof, or before if possible. 



ADDITIONAL ARTICLES. 



ART. I. Capital punishment for political crimes is 

 abolished m Central America; and there shall be 

 established as soon as possible, on one of the islands 

 of the Central-American coast, a general peniten- 

 tiary for the reception of such criminals as any one 

 of the several Legislatures may send thither. 



ART. II. The representative of the Government of 

 the Republic of Nicaragua not having been present 

 at this Congress, the minister plenipotentiary of 



osta Rica will visit the city of Managua, and' pre- 

 sent to that Government the present pact for the pur- 

 pose oi obtaining the adhesion of that Government, 

 in which case its effects will be equal over all Cen- 

 tral America. In case she refuses, the stipulations 

 contained in Article XIX., concerning the establish- 

 nent of telegraph-lines, a national highway arid in- 

 teroceanic canal, shall remain without effect. 



In witness of the above stipulations, we, the afore- 

 Mid ministers plenipotentiary, sign five copies of 

 the same tenor in the city of La Union, of Central 

 America, under the date aforesaid, and in the fifty- 



J r .* h S.i ndependence of Central America. 

 K. KAMIKEZ, J J SAMAYOA 



M A X I M ( ) AR AU JO, M ARTIN MERID A. 

 (For further details, f , e COSTA RICA, GFA- 

 TKMAT.A, IIo.vnuRAs, NICARAGUA, and SAN- 



CHEMISTRY. Ozons.-Prof. Croft, of the 

 loronto College, describes in the Canadian 



Journal his accidental production of ozone in 

 the evaporation of syrupy iodic acid over sul- 

 phuric acid. When the acid began to crystal- 

 lize, the air in the jar which covered the dry- 

 ing-dish developed a strong smell of ozone. 

 In all cases the solution had been boiled down to 

 thin syrup, so that no trace of chlorine or 

 nitric acid could possibly remain to act on the 

 ozone-paper. It was only when the crystalli- 

 zation set in freely that the ozone was evolved 

 to a marked degree. It is suggested that this 

 ozonification of the air arose from a partial de- 

 oxidation similar to that which produces ozone 

 when hypermanganates are decomposed ; but 

 Prof. Croft gives reasons for not accepting this 

 explanation, and does not himself attempt to 

 account for the phenomenon. 



M. Houzeau has experimented upon the pro- 

 portion of ozone met with in pure country air, 

 at a height of two metres above the ground. 

 Taking the specific gravity of ozone at 1.658 

 (according to fcoret), he ascertains that country 

 air contains a maximum of j^V^o of its 

 weight, or -7^^ of its bulk of ozone. As 

 regards the origin of the ozone, he supposes it 

 to be due to atmospheric electricity, constantly 

 acting in the manner of a huge-sized condenser, 

 between the soil and the clouds. 



A simple apparatus for the production of 

 ozone, with electricity of high tension, is de- 

 scribed by Prof. A. W. Wright, in the Amer- 

 ican Journal of Science. It may be used in 

 connection with any electro-machine. The 

 author says: 



If this discharge is made to take place in an en- 

 closed space through which air or oxygen can be 

 driven, the ozonizing effect of the electricity is 

 heightened, and can be utilized. The apparatus 

 which I have employed, and which has afforded very 

 satisfactory results, consists of a straight glass tube 

 about 20 centimetres long, and having an internal 

 diameter of 2.5 centimetres, the two ends being 

 stopped with corks covered on the inner side with a 

 thin coating of cement to protect them from the ac- 

 tion of the ozone. Ihrough the axis of each cork is 

 inserted a glass tube of about 5 mm. calibre and 7 

 centimetres in length, having a branch tube inserted 

 perpendicularly at the middle, and long enough to 

 permit a rubber tube to be slipped upon it. The 

 outer ends of the tubes themselves are closely 

 stopped with corks, through which are passed 

 straight, thick copper wires, carrying suitable ter- 

 minals at their inner ends, and bent into a ring at 

 the others. They are fitted so as to make tight 

 joints, but to allow of motion in order to vary the 

 distance between their inner ends. One of these 

 wires carries a small ball ; the other terminates in a 

 disk with rounded edge, set perpendicularly to the 

 axis of the tube, and so large as to leave an annular 

 space of some 2 or 3 millimetres breadth around it. 

 The gas is admittted through one of the branch- 

 tubes and escapes from the other, after having passed 

 through the whole length of the tube. 



In using the apparatus, the wires must be connect- 

 ed with the poles of the machine in such a manner 

 that the disk becomes the negative terminal, as this 

 arrangement gives the greatest degree of expansion 

 and diffuseness to the current. On turning the ma- 

 chine and adjusting the ball and disk to a proper 

 distance, a nebulous aigrette surrounds the latter, 

 quite filling the interval between it and the wall of 

 the tube, while the part of the tube between the disk 

 and ball is crowded with innumerable hazy streams 



