270 EASTBURN, MANTON. 



EASTERN CHURCHES. 



crash and break of sound would call to mind the 

 heavy rush of ponderous waves against the rocky 

 cliffs that girt Hawaii. At night the jet looked loftier, 

 and gazing intently into the fiery column with a good 

 glass that we had, we could see the limpid sparkling 

 upward jet rising with tremendous force from out an 

 incandescent lake. Following up the glowing stream, 

 we saw it arch itself and pour over as it were in one 

 broad beautiful cascade. While the ascending stream 

 was almost silvery in its intense brightness, the fall- 

 ing sheet was slightly dulled by cooling, and thus 

 the two were ever rising, falling, shooting up in brill- 

 iant jets, and showering down with mingled dashes 

 of bright light and shooting spray, while in the lake 

 out of which rose the fountain, and into which fell 

 the fiery masses, danced and played a thousand 

 mimic waves, and fiery foam swirled round and 

 round. Upon its surface danced myriad jets and 

 bubbles, and from its edge flowed out the rivulets 

 of lava, that in a tangled maze of lines covered all 

 the lake. 



EASTBURN, Right Rev. MANTOS, D. D., 

 Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of 

 Massachusetts, born in England, February 9, 

 1801; died in Boston, Mass., September 12, 

 1872. He came with his parents to the United 

 States in his childhood, and entered Columbia 

 College in his thirteenth year, whence he grad- 

 uated in 1817. He entered the General Prot- 

 estant Episcopal Theological Seminary in New 

 York soon after leaving college, and passed 

 through the usual three years' course, distin- 

 guished for the thoroughness and accuracy 

 of his scholarship. He was ordained priest 

 in 1822, and for five years officiated as assist- 

 ant minister in Christ Church, New York, 

 whence, in 1827, he was called to become rec- 

 tor of the Church of the Ascension. For fif- 

 teen years he continued in this rectorship, 

 greatly beloved by his people, and constantly 

 growing in intellectual power and moral influ- 

 ence. Near the close of 1842 he was conse- 

 crated Assistant- Bishop of the Diocese of Mas- 

 sachusetts, then embracing also Maine, New 

 Hampshire, and Rhode Island ; and in Febru- 

 ary, 1843, on the death of the venerable Bishop 

 Griswold, became bishop of the diocese. He 

 came to the bishopric in a trying time. The 

 Oxford Tract party were endeavoring, as they 

 and their successors, the Ritualists, have been 

 ever since, to lead the Protestant Episcopal 

 Church toward Rome. On the other side, 

 the leaven was already working which, a little 

 later, in the " Essays and Reviews," permeated 

 so large a portion of the Anglican Church, and 

 seemed ready to affect the American church. 

 Against the inroads of both these views Bishop 

 Eastburn stood firm in opposition, and that, 

 when to be courageous and firm cost him 

 friends, influence, and popularity; but he re- 

 mained ^ steadfast, and had the satisfaction of 

 seeing, in his diocese, that neither gained any 

 considerable foothold. The bishop was thor- 

 oughly courteous and cordial in his intercourse 

 with other denominations. In private life, he 

 joined to the many fascinating qualities which 

 rendered him ever welcome in society, the ten- 

 derest of hearts, the most thoughtful consider- 

 ateness, and the most genuine and manly per- 



sonal piety. Bishop Eastburn's published works 

 were: "Four Lectures on Hebrew, Latin, and 

 English Poetry," delivered before the New 

 York Athenseum, and published in 1825 ; a 

 portion of a volume of " Essays and Disserta- 

 tions on Biblical Literature," published in 

 1829 ; "Lectures on the Epistles to the Philip- 

 pians," 1833 ; " Oration at the Semi-Centennial 

 Anniversary of Columbia College," 1837 ; and 

 numerous sermons and pastoral charges since. 

 He also edited, with notes, " Thornton's Fam- 

 ily Prayers." His property was bequeathed 

 to benevolent objects ; especially to Domestic 

 Missions in Massachusetts, to the endowment 

 of the Episcopal Theological School at Cam- 

 bridge, and to the American Bible Society. 



EASTERN CHURCHES. The Bulgarian 

 question, which has been agitating the Greek 

 Church for so many years, reached a crisis in 

 1872. A new conflict between the Bulgarians 

 and the patriarchate arose, at the festival of 

 Epiphany, 1872, when three Bulgarian bishops, 

 in order to show their independence, celebrated 

 mass, in spite of the prohibition of the Patri- 

 arch, in the Bulgarian Church of Constanti- 

 nople. The Patriarch, on the next day, made 

 a full report of this occurrence to the Turkish 

 Government, which exiled the three bishops. 

 He also called a meeting of the National Coun- 

 cil, to which he explained the facts in the case, 

 and read the report. The Council resolved to 

 publish a proclamation to the nation, and to dis- 

 tribute it all over the country. The Bulgarians 

 were not agreed as to the best course to adopt. 

 The party of "Young Bulgarians" insisted on 

 the immediate rupture of all negotiations with 

 the patriarchate, and applied to the Porte for 

 the appointment of a Bulgarian Exarch. The 

 moderate party lamented the acts of the three 

 bishops, and demanded the continuation of the 

 negotiations with the Patriarch. The Turkish 

 Government was, however, soon prevailed 

 upon once more to take sides with the Bulga- 

 rians. On February 24, 1872, a decree of the 

 Grand- Vizier proclaimed that the Government, 

 in view of the efforts of the patriarchate to 

 bring on a split between the Greek and Bul- 

 garian population which the Porte had endeav- 

 ored to prevent, would now establish the Bulga- 

 rian Exarchate in accordance with the impei' 

 firman. The responsibility for this measure 

 would wholly rest with the patriarchate, by 

 which it had been provoked. Throe prelates 

 were recommended for the position : Passios, 

 Anthimos, Metropolitan of Widdin, and Hila- 

 rion, Bishop of Toolcha. The Bulgarian Coun- 

 cil elected Hilarion ; but his election was not 

 confirmed, as the Patriarch would not admit to 

 the dignity of Exarch a priest who had re- 

 peatedly been censured for his liberal opin- 

 ions, and had been twice excommunicated. It 

 was then decided to elect the more moderate 

 Metropolitan, Anthimos, of Widdin. The ne\ 

 Exarch had received his theological education 

 in the seminary of the South Russian island 

 of Chalka, and subsequently in Moscow. lie 



