274 



EATON, GEORGE W. 



ECUADOR. 



sian Clergy," contains the following statistical 

 information on the priests, deacons, and clerks 

 of the State Church of Russia : 



The number of parishes in Kussia is given as 36,000, 

 and the aggregate of the incomes of the clergy is sup- 

 posed to be afout $23,500,000, of which the national 

 treasury contributes about $3,000,000; " houses and 

 properties belonging to parishes " yield $500,000, and 

 t IB rest arises from the ''contributions of the parish- 

 ioners." The average income of the clergy of each par- 

 ish, amounts, therefore, to about $650. Of this the 

 priest gets half, the deacon a quarter, and the remain- 

 der goes to the " two clerks " discharging the duties 

 of sacristan, beadle, ringer, lector, etc. that is to say, 

 in parishes which are iully officered. As many dis- 

 tricts, however, do not enjoy diaconal ministration, 

 the average income of a parish priest, arising from 

 the sources which have oeen mentioned, may be 

 fixed at about $400. In addition to this, he^derives 

 from the share of land assigned to him an income, 

 which, in a fertile district, may rise as high as $200 

 a year, and he receives from his parishioners a 

 " species of tithe paid in kind," the value of which 

 vanes according to the locality. The deacons of 

 Eussia are 12,444 in number, and these cost the 

 country (at about $160 a head) $2,000,000, besides 

 the value of lands allotted to them. Next to the 

 deacons come the "63.421 clerks, who discharge 

 the duties of readers, chanters, sacristans, beadles, 

 and ringers. They form part of the clergy, take 

 part of the perquisites, and, further, are enrolled in 

 the caste." There are generally two in each parish, 

 and "their maintenance costs $3,000,000, or about 

 $50 per head. Each has, besides, four hectares to 

 cultivate, and creates resources from cows, pigs, 

 and poultry, kitchen-garden, etc. Sometimes they 

 follow a trade, as that of a glazier, bookbinder, etc." 

 One of the most essential accomplishments is the 

 faculty of reading fast, for " the Eastern Liturgy is 

 extremely long, and, if the reader read in an intelli- 

 gible manner, the whole day would be passed in 

 ehureh." Accordingly, the reader hurries on at 

 such a pace that it is impossible to understand any 

 thing. Sometimes, indeed, "in order to proceed 

 still faster, two read, at the same time, different 

 parts." Father Gagarin suggests that the offices 

 should be abridged, m which case one clerk would be 

 sufficient, who might be " a layman of good life and 

 manners." At present " the 63,000 families of these 

 elerks form the great majority of the caste," and a 

 ssrious obstacle to many of the attempts to reform 

 it. 



EATON", Rev. GEORCJE WASHINGTON-, D. D., 

 LL. D., an eminent college president, professor, 

 and pulpit orator, born near Huntingdon, Pa., 

 July 3, 1804; died at Hamilton, Madison Coun- 

 ty, N. Y., August 3, 1872. His parents re- 

 moved to Ohio in his youth, and he entered 

 Union College from Delaware, Ohio, gradu- 

 ated in 1829, and was immediately appointed 

 a tutor in Union College. In 1831 he was 

 elected Professor of Languages in Georgetown 

 College, Ky., and in 1833, Professor of Mathe- 

 matics and Natural Philosophy in Hamilton 

 Literary and Theological Institution (now 

 Madison University). Subsequently he filled 

 the professorships of Ecclesiastical and Civil 

 History, and, after the death of Dr. Nathaniel 

 Kendrick, that of Systematic Theology. In 

 1855 he succeeded Dr. Taylor as president of 

 Madison University, the new title which, as 

 the result of years of struggle and conflict, had 

 been given 'by the State, to the Collegiate In- 

 stitution which for thirty years had been 



known as the " Hamilton Literary and Theo- 

 logical Institution." The university had re- 

 ceived a considerable, though insufficient en- 

 dowment, and its officers were determined to 

 make the most of their scanty resources. 

 President Eaton, besides giving instruction in 

 the collegiate department, and bestowing what 

 attention he could to the finances of the young 

 university, also retained his professorship, 

 though without salary in the Theological Sem- 

 inary. He had already a wide reputation as 

 a pulpit orator, and in the hope of aiding the 

 University, for which all his sympathies were 

 enlisted, he accepted many invitations to 

 preach in the large cities. These multifarious 

 labors proved too much for even his stalwart 

 frame and fine constitution, and in 1867 he 

 found himself compelled to resign the presi- 

 dency of the university, and go abroad for his 

 health. He still retained his professorship in 

 the Theological Seminary, to which he returned 

 the next year with greatly-improved health. 

 His whole term of service in the university 

 and Theological Seminary was thirty-nine 

 years. Though a graceful and eloquent writer, 

 Dr. Eaton has left but few published evidences 

 of his ability. He was a frequent and always 

 welcome contributor to the religious periodi- 

 cals and reviews of his denomination; but, 

 aside from these contributions, there are only 

 some sermons, orations, occasional addresses, 

 and pamphlets, in existence from his pen. 

 Union College conferred on him the honorary 

 degree of D. D. in 1844. 



ECUADOR (REpfiBLicA BEL ECUADOR), an 

 independent state of South America, com- 

 prised between latitude 1 23' north, and 5 

 30' south, and longitude 70 15' and 81 30' 

 west. It is bounded north by the Pacific 

 Ocean, the United States of Colombia, and 

 Brazil, east by the empire just named, south 

 by Peru, and west by the Pacific. The area 

 of the republic is estimated at from 2,130,000 

 to 2,132,355 square miles'; and the population 

 in 1866 was 1,308,082, of which number 200,- 

 000 were aboriginals in a wild state. There 

 are, perhaps, 700,000 whites in Ecuador, for 

 the most part descendants of the early Spanish 

 settlers ; the remainder of the population being 

 made up of mestizos, negroes, and Indians. 



The capital, Quito, has a population of 78,000 

 inhabitants. President, Dr. S. Garcia Mo- 

 reno ; Minister of the Interior, and of Foreign 

 Affairs, F. Leon, who is also Vice-President 

 of the Republic according to the constitution 

 of 1869 ; Minister of War and the Navy, Gen- 

 eral S. Darquea ; Minister of Finances, F. J. 

 Equiguren ; Governor of Guayaquil, V. de San- 

 tistevan ; Archbishop of Quito, Dr. T. I. Checa. 



The value of the exports in 1871 was $3,045,- 

 684 American gold, divided as follows : Cacao, 

 $1,707,400; India-rubber, $693,376; hats (s 

 called Panama hats), $74,256 ; quinine, $92,- 

 102 ; and cotton, $30,816. In 1871 there 

 were exported 1,700 quintals of cundurango. 

 Little is known of the exact total value of the 



