370 GRILLPARZER, FRANZ. 



GRISWOLD, JOHN A. 



than a thousand survive him), that to have 

 graduated from Prof. Greenleafs school with 

 honor was a sure passport to any desirable 

 position. In 1860, wearied with thirty-four 

 years of constant teaching, he severed his con- 

 nection with the seminary, and engaged in the 

 business of insurance brokerage, in which he 

 continued till his death. Prof. Greenleaf was 

 a man of great activity, usefulness, and excel- 

 lence, in all the relations of life. He main- 

 tained to the last his familiarity with all that 

 was valuable in the current literature, science, 

 and art, and took especial delight in the great 

 discoveries of our time in physical science. 

 He was also active in the prosecution of all 

 enterprises of philanthropy and Christian be- 

 nevolence. 



GRILLPARZER, FKANZ, a German dramatic 

 poet, born at Vienna, January 15, 1791 ; died 

 there, January 20, 1872. He received a good 

 education, and was early employed as a subor- 

 dinate clerk in the office of the Imperial Chan- 

 cellor of the Exchequer. He first attracted 

 attention as a dramatist in 1816, by his tragedy 

 of "The Grandmother," which alike, by its 

 literary merits and its supernatural machinery, 

 thrilled the public and retained its place upon 

 the stage for many- years. Three years later 

 he produced his "Sappho," regarded by liter- 

 ary critics as his greatest work ; and, in 1822, 

 "The Golden Fleece," a fantastic drama, 

 Neither of these met with as much popular 

 favor as his first tragedy, though possessing 

 greater merit. In 1823 he was appointed edi- 

 tor and reviser of the documents of the Chan- 

 cellor's department, and in 1832 keeper of the 

 archives. In 1861 he was created a Senator 

 for life in the Austrian Reichsrath. His social 

 life was singular. Among his friends, when 

 he first commenced writing verse, was a 

 Counsellor Frohlich ? who became strongly at- 

 tached to him, and whose house was his con- 

 stant resort. The counsellor had three daugh- 

 ters, young children at this time, Netti, Kathi, 

 and Peppi, who were all very much interested 

 in him and beloved by him. It was the ex- 

 pectation of the father that he would event- 

 ually marry one of them, but for many years 

 his income was small, and he seemed equally 

 attached to all three. On the death of the 

 parents he took up his residence with them as 

 their protector, and, all ideas of marriage be- 

 ing given up, he remained the head of the 

 household, tenderly cared for by the three sis- 

 ters till his death the second sister, by will, 

 inheriting his property, but dividing it with 

 her sisters. Herr Grillparzer's other dramas 

 and historic tragedies were : " The Fortune and 

 End of King Ottokar," 1825; "Melusina; a 

 Faithful Servant to his Master ; " " The Waves 

 of Love and the Sea," a dramatization of the 

 old story of Hero and Leander ; " The Song 

 of Life," 1840, a dramatic poem of great 

 beauty. He also produced some comedies, 

 among others, one which had a high reputa- 

 tion, " Woe to those who lie." In all his 



tragedies and comedies an exuberance of lyric 

 melody veils the tragic or comic element. His 

 late works were two tragedies, "Annibal" 

 and "Rudolph II.," a volume of lyric verse, 

 which rendered him popular with the young ; 

 and a poem, written in 1848, celebrating the 

 victories of Radetzky, which was enthusiasti- 

 cally received by the Austrian public. In his 

 old age the veteran dramatist wrote two plays, 

 which bore striking evidence of decaying pow- 

 ers; but, as the theatres would not produce 

 them, he never again visited these scenes of his 

 great successes. 



GRIMES, JAMES WILSON, LL. D., an Amer- 

 ican statesman and Senator, born at Deering, 

 Hillsdale County, N. II., October 16, 1816 ; 

 died in Burlington, Iowa., February 7, 1872. 

 After receiving an academic education, he en- 

 tered Dartmouth College, whence he graduated 

 in 1836. Like many other restless, ambitious 

 sons of New England, he emigrated westward, 

 soon after leaving college. In 1838 he set- 

 tled in Iowa, then a Territory, was elected to 

 the Legislature, and served as delegate to that 

 body during the whole of the existence of 

 Iowa in a territorial condition. The dignity 

 of Statehood was reached in 1846, and Mr. 

 Grimes succeeded to the governorship in 1854, 

 serving four years. In 1859 he was elected 

 to the United States Senate, and was a mem- 

 ber of that body from that time until 1869, 

 when, prostrated by a stroke of paralysis, 

 which first assailed him during the Impeach- 

 ment Trial, he anticipated the expiration of 

 his term of office and resigned his seat in the 

 Senate. He sought health in Europe, and, 

 during a brief visit to England, he was cour- 

 teously received as a representative American. 

 During his official career he was a faithful, la- 

 borious, and conscientious legislator and exec- 

 utive officer. He was also a member of the 

 Peace Congress of 1861, and filled various 

 minor commissions in the gift of his constitu- 

 ency. He was noted for his independence of 

 character, and was frequently brought into 

 temporary conflict with his Republican associ- 

 ates in the Senate on account of the wide dif- 

 ference which existed between his views and 

 theirs. This was prominently conspicuous in 

 the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, when 

 Mr. Grimes was one of the few Republican Sen- 

 ators who voted for the acquittal of the Presi- 

 dent. For this course the Senator was gener- 

 ally condemned by the Republican press of the 

 country; but time, which sets all things even, 

 has corrected the hasty judgment of those 

 heated days, and there can scarcely now be 

 found any who do not believe that Mr. Grimes 

 acted in that famous trial in obedience to 

 what he believed to be his conscientious duty. 

 He received the honorary degree of LL. D. 

 from Dartmouth College and from Iowa Uni- 

 versity. 



GRISWOLD, JOHN A., an American manu- 

 facturer, political leader, and Congressman, 

 born in Nassau, Rensselaer County, N. Y., in 



