380 HOGEBOOM, HENRY. 



HONDURAS. 



moderate party, and remained president of 

 the Second Chamber until 1865. Pie leaned 

 more and more toward the liberal side, and 

 warmly espoused the cause of Schleswig-Hol- 

 stein in 1863. He joined the so-called National 

 Liberal party, and sympathized with Prussia 

 in 1866. He was among the most enthusiastic 

 advocates of an alliance with Prussia at the 

 breaking out of the war with France, and 

 heartily approved the efforts of Prince Bis- 

 marck to restore the German Empire. In Au- 

 gust, 1871, King Louis II. appointed him Prime- 

 Minister. 



HOGEBOOM, HENRY, LL. D., an eminent 

 jurist, born in Columbia County, 1808 ; died 

 in Hudson, N. Y., September 12, 1872. He 

 was descended from a family distinguished, for 

 several generations, in the history of the coun- 

 try, and early in life evinced superior intellec- 

 tual capacity. During his academical course, 

 he distinguished himself particularly in the an- 

 cient classics. Graduating from Yale College 

 in 1827 with high honors, he gave himself to 

 the study of law, in the office of Powers & 

 Day, at Catskill, was admitted to the. bar in 

 1830, and, entering upon the practice of his 

 profession in the city of Hudson, soon rose to 

 eminence. He was frequently opposed by the 

 experienced and able lawyers for which the 

 Columbia County bar was remarkable, and 

 competition with such men brought all his la- 

 tent powers into active exercise, and developed 

 professional ability of the highest order. His 

 field of practice gradually enlarged, and he 

 was called to try important cases in distant 

 parts of the State, and argue causes before our 

 highest tribunals of justice. It was the in- 

 tegrity of his character which rendered him a 

 favorite for office. In 1831 he was appointed 

 a master in chancery, and county judge of his 

 native county, and he discharged the duties of 

 those offices in the most satisfactory manner. 

 In 1839 he was elected a member of Assembly. 

 This was his only experience in legislative life. 

 He became prominent in that body, and served 

 on important committees, but his more conge- 

 nial field of labor was the law. In 1847, and 

 again in 1849, he was a candidate for Justice 

 of the Supreme Court, but was defeated by a 

 small majority. In 1857 he was again nomi- 

 nated for the same office, and was then elected 

 by nearly 12,000 majority. His services as 

 judge during his first term had shown him to 

 be so preeminently qualified for the place, 

 that, in 1865, he was reflected by about 2,500 

 majority, in the same district where, the year 

 before, on a strict party vote, the party which 

 nominated the opposing candidate had had 

 nearly 13,000 majority. Judge Hogeboom was 

 possessed of a clear and discriminating mind. 

 His written judicial opinions are models of ac- 

 curacy of expression and elegance of style, and 

 his charges to juries were alike sound in law 

 and faultless in composition. 



HONDURAS (REPLICA DE HONDURAS), 

 an independent state of Central America; 



latitude, from 13 to 16 north, and longitude 

 from 85 39' to 89 6' west. It is bounded on 

 the north by Guatemala and the Gulf of Hon- 

 duras; on the southeast, by the Caribbean 

 Sea; on the south, by Nicaragua, Fonseca 

 Bay, and San Salvador ; and, on the west, by 

 the latter republic and that of Guatemala. 

 Area, 58,168 square miles ; population, about 

 360,000. 



President (provisional), C. Arias ; Minister 

 of Foreign Afi'airs, War, and Finance, M. Al- 

 varez ; Minister of Navy and Public Instruc- 

 tion, C. Celio Arias ; Bishop of Comayagua, 

 J. F. Zepeda (1861). 



The standing army is composed of 600 men, 

 in time of peace ; and the militia, 6,000. 



According to ex-President Medina, the value 

 of the exports may be estimated at $1,305,- 

 000, distributed as follows : Gold and silver, 

 $600,000; indigo, $200,000; horned cattle, 

 $150,000; timber, $180,000; hides, $100,'000. 



The national revenue amounts to about 

 $400,000 annually, the expenditure being 

 about $185,000. The internal debt, amount- 

 ing to some $450,000, was to be covered, in 

 part, with the surplus of 1868; and the re- 

 mainder with that of the following year. The 

 customs receipts of the port of Trujillo, and a 

 portion of those of Amapala, are applied to the 

 payment of the consolidated foreign debt. The 

 total indebtedness of the republic to England, 

 in 1872, was $25,000,000. The budget of ex- 

 penses for 1873 is estimated at $391,916. 



The Official Gazette, of Honduras, of Jan- 

 uary 31, 1872, affirmed that the republic was 

 at peace, and without any apprehensions of 

 new disturbances. The relations between the 

 republic and that of San Salvador seemed to 

 be more cordial than they had been for a long 

 time. But this state of things was of short 

 duration, and, before the lapse of three months 

 indications of war became visible. Preside 

 Medina issued, in April, a manifesto, declaring 

 the patience with which he had endured the 

 insults and calumnies heaped upon him by th( 

 press of San Salvador, but adding that, ins 

 much as such abusive personalities were coun- 

 tenanced by President Gonzalez, they could 

 not much longer be continued with impunity, 

 and making, therefore, an earnest appeal to 

 the patriotism and bravery of the people to 

 vindicate the honor of the republic, and pun- 

 ish the ingratitude of San Salvador. " If war 

 should come," concluded Medina, " Honduras 

 will not be responsible." About the same 

 time, San Salvador and Guatemala negotiated 

 a treaty of alliance offensive and defensive, 

 which was regarded by Medina as threatening 

 for Honduras; and, accordingly, he decreed 

 the republic in a state of war, and that official 

 relations between Honduras and San Salvador 

 were suspended until an amicable understand- 

 ing should be established between the two 

 countries. 



Expecting an attack from the allied forces, 

 Medina now fortified himself in the city of 



