HOWARD, BENJAMIN 0. 



HUNGARY. 



385 



and all its connections were to be thoroughly dis- 

 infected every day, and the straw burned if pos- 

 sible, or covered with ground plaster-of-paris 

 if not. Under this kind of treatment the 

 horses generally recovered, unless they were 

 previously unsound or reduced in flesh, or 

 weakened by overwork, in about ten days. 

 If the attempt was made to use them sooner 

 (as, on the stage and horse-car lines, and drays, 

 the temptation was very strong to do so), they 

 very often had a relapse, accompanied by 

 great weakness, profuse perspiration, dropsy, 

 and often very speedy death. The greater 

 part of the deaths occurred from this relapse. 

 It was at one time asserted that farcy, or 

 glanders, was a very common sequel to this in- 

 fluenza, but, so far as we have been able to 

 learn, there are no well-authenticated cases of 

 this disease appearing after the epizootic, ex- 

 cept in horses who had manifested symptoms 

 of glanders before they were attacked by the 

 influenza. The aggregate loss of horses must 

 have been large, though the Commissioner of 

 the Department of Agriculture reports that it 

 was not so great as the natural increase of 

 horses during the year, or in other words, that, 

 despite the disease, the actual number ' of 

 horses in the country had slightly increased 

 from January, 1872, to January, 1873. 



HOWARD, General BEXJAMIX 0., a Mary- 

 land jurist and statesman; died in Baltimore, 

 aged 81 years. He was a native of Maryland, 

 and was graduated from Princeton College in 

 1809, after which he joined the legal profes- 

 sion. He assisted in organizing troops for the 

 defence of Baltimore in 1814, and commanded 

 the Mechanical Volunteers at the battle of 

 North Point, September 12, 1814, when the 

 American forces successfully resisted the ad- 

 vance of the British army of 9,000 on Balti- 

 more. Mr. Howard served in the House of 

 Representatives from 1829 to 1833, and again 

 from 1835 to 1839. He was chairman of the 

 Committee on Foreign Relations, and in that 

 capacity drew up a report on the North- 

 eastern boundary question. He was also for 



many years reporter of the Supreme Court of 

 the United States, and his "Reports of Cases 

 in the Supreme Court of the United States 

 from 1843 to December term in 1855," in 18 

 vols. (about 8 vols. of the new edition edited 

 by Judge Curtis), are said to be among the best 

 of the series. General Howard took part in 

 the Peace Congress of 1861, which was his last 

 participation in public affairs. 



HUNGARY; a country in southeastern Eu- 

 rope, forms the eastern half of the Austro- 

 Hungarian monarchy. The Emperor of Austria 

 is at the same time King of Hungary, which is 

 united with the western or cis-Leithan por- 

 tion of the monarchy by means of a common 

 imperial ministry, and a joint meeting of dele- 

 gations from both halves of the monarchy. 



The lands of the Hungarian crown consist of 

 Hungary proper, Transylvania, the royal free 

 city of Fiume, Croatia, and Slavonia, and the 

 Military Frontier. The free city of Fiume, with 

 its port and a rural district, was, by a law 

 passed in 1868, separated from Croatia, to 

 which it had formerly belonged, and, in pur- 

 suance of this law, received on July 28, 1870, 

 a royal governor, who is immediately subordi- 

 nate to the Hungarian ministry. The extent 

 of the Military Frontier has been considerably 

 reduced by the incorporation of a portion with 

 Hungary proper. At the close of the year 

 1869 the area and population of the lands of 

 the Hungarian crown were as follows : 



The numerical strength of the several na- 

 tionalities was, in 1869, estimated by Dr. 

 Ficker (" Die Volkestamme der Oester-Unga- 

 rischen Monarchic," Vienna, 1869) as fol- 

 lows : 



The following table exhibits the religious statistics of the country : 



VOL. XII. 25 A 



