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LIEBER, FRANCIS J. U. D. 



in Ireland in 1832, he became a member of the 

 medical council of Londonderry, and manifested 

 equal courage and skill in combating that fear- 

 lul and potent scourge. At a later period he 

 went to Brussels, as physician to the English 

 embassy in that place. There he remained 

 three years, and there he wrote "The Confes- 

 sions of Harry Lorrequer" sounding therein 

 the joyous key-note of all the stories that are 

 distinctively his own, and by which he will 

 hold a place in British literature. The quick 

 invention, the abundant incident, the prodi- 

 gality of comic climax, the fine flow of animal 

 spirits, and the off-hand, dashing style of this 

 novel made it at once and universally popular, 

 and brought him a success such as might have 

 confirmed a less confident genius in the choice 

 of the vocation of authorship. After this came 

 "Charles O'Malley," "Jack Hinton," "Tom 

 Burke of Ours," "The O'Donoghue," "St. 

 Patrick's Eve," and " The Knight of Gwynne." 

 In 1842 Mr. Lever became the editor of the 

 Dublin University Magazine, which periodical 

 he conducted, with most competent ability, for 

 three years, and to which he contributed, 

 among other things, " Maurice Tiernay," " Con 

 Cregan," and " The Diary and Notes of Horace 

 Templeton." In 1845 he retired to the Conti- 

 nent, establishing himself first in a castle in 

 the Tyrol, and afterward at Florence. In 1858 

 he was appointed by Lord Derby vice-consul 

 at Spezzia, and was transferred to Trieste, in 

 1867. In addition to the works already men- 

 tioned, Mr. Lever wrote "One of Them," 

 "Roland Cashel," " Tony Butler," "Barring- 

 ton," " Luttrell of Arran," " Sir Brook Fos- 

 brooke," "Tales of the Trains," "The Dai- 

 tons," " Gerald Fitzgerald," " Glencore and his 

 Fortunes," "The Nevilles of Garrettstown," 

 "The Dodd Family Abroad," "Davenport 

 Dunn," "Arthur O'Leary," "Sir Jasper Ca- 

 rew," "The Commissioner," "The Mystic 

 Vial," "The Heirs of Randolph Abbey," 

 "The Martins of Cro' Martin," "The Brarn- 

 leighs of Bishop's Folly" (1868), "A Day's 

 Ride: a Life's Romance," "A Rent in the 

 Cloud," "That Boy of Norcott's," and his last 

 novel, " Lord Kilgobbin." 



LIEBER, FRANCIS, J. U. D., LL. D., an emi- 

 nent publicist, author and professor; born in 

 Berlin, Prussia, March 18, 1800 ; died in New 

 York City, October 20, 1872. His early life 

 was one of remarkable vicissitudes. He en- 

 tered the Prussian Army at the age of fifteen as 

 a volunteer, took part in the battles of Ligny 

 and Waterloo, and was severely wounded at 

 the siege of Namur. Like most of the stu- 

 dents of the German universities, he was op- 

 posed to the reactionary tendencies of the 

 Government, and was arrested as a LiberaJ. 

 Obtaining his release, he continued his studies 

 at the University of Jena. But the Govern- 

 ment spies were still watching him, and pre- 

 venting his advancement, and, at the age of 

 twenty-one, he determined to visit Greece with 

 the Byron expedition, and aid in the struggle 



for her independence. The journey and his ser- 

 vices there were attended with great hardships 

 and privations ; but, when, after much suffering, 

 he reached Italy on his return, he was welcomed 

 by Niebuhr, the historian, who was then em- 

 bassador from Prussia to Rome. He remained 

 in Niebuhr's family during the years 1822 and 

 1823, and while there prepared a narrative of 

 his experiences in Greece, which was published 

 in Leipsic, and translated into other languages. 

 On his return to Germany, though he had 

 been promised safety, he was arrested and 

 thrown into prison at Kopnich. Here he was 

 detained for two years, and he spent the time 

 in study and in the composition of a volume 

 of poems, which, through the influence of 

 Niebuhr, were published in Berlin, under the 

 pseudonym of Franz Arnold. After, his re- 

 lease in 1825, finding that he would still be 

 subjected to persecution and annoyances if he 

 remained in Germany, he crossed to England, 

 and, during a year's residence in London, 

 supported himself by private teaching and 

 contributing to German periodicals. In 1827 

 he emigrated to the United States, and deliv- 

 ered, with but moderate pecuniary success, a 

 series of lectures on history and politics in the 

 principal cities. Returning to Boston, he 

 founded a swimming-school there, on the sys- 

 tem of General Pfuhl. The same year he en- 

 tered into an engagement with Matthew Carey 

 & Sons (afterward, Carey, Lea & Blanchard), 

 of Philadelphia, to edit the "Encyclopedia 

 Americana " for them, in 13 volumes, on the 

 basis of Brockhaus's German " Conversations- 

 Lexicon." This enterprise was completed be- 

 tween 1829 and 1833. During this period he 

 also translated a French work on the Revolu- 

 tion of July, 1830, and the elder Feuerbach's 

 life of Kaspar Hauser. In 1832, having re- 

 moved to New York, he translated the able 

 work of De Beaumont and De Tocqueville on 

 the " Prisons and Penitentiary Systems of the 

 United States," with an introduction and notes. 

 After the completion of the " Encyclopedia," 

 he was requested, by the trustees of Girard 

 College, to draw up a plan of instruction for 

 that institution. This he published in 1834, 

 and his " Letters to a Gentleman in Germany, 

 written after a Trip from Philadelphia to 

 Niagara," were published the same year. This 

 is not so much a volume of travels as a series 

 of anecdotes, essays, and philosophical discus- 

 sions, for which the journey furnishes the con- 

 necting thread of narrative. In 1835, he pub- 

 lished his " Reminiscences of Niebuhr," a 

 charming work, which gives a portraiture of 

 the every-day life of the historian. The same 

 year he was* elected to the professorship of 

 History and Political Economy in the College 

 of South Carolina, at Columbia, the capital of 

 that State. He filled this position till 3858, 

 when he removed to New York, and was al- 

 most immediately called to a similar chair in 

 Columbia College, which position he filled at 

 the time of his death. During his residence 



