MARSHALL, HUMPHREY. 



The condition of pauperism and crime is 

 shown by the following statistics : 



Total population 626,915 



Number of persons receiving support during the 



year ending June 1, 1870 4,619 



Cost of annual support $367,000 



Total number receiving support June 1, 1870 3,631 



Native 3,188 



White 3,149 



Colored 39 



Foreign 443 



Namber of persons convicted during the year. . . 431 



Total number of persons in prison June 1, 1870. . 371 



Native 261 



White 255 



Colored 6 



Foreign 110 



MARSHALL, HUMPHEET, a lawyer, politi- 

 cian, and brigadier-general in the Confeder- 

 ate Army, born in Frankfort, Ky., January 

 13, 1812 ; died at Louisville, March 28, 1872. 

 He was the grandson of Humphrey Marshall, 

 the author of the first history of Kentucky, 

 and son of Judge John J. Marshall. At the 

 age of sixteen young Marshall was appointed 

 a cadet in the United States Military Academy 

 at West Point, from which he graduated July 

 1, 1832, and was made brevet third-lieutenant 

 of Mounted Rangers. He was immediately 

 ordered on the "Black Hawk " expedition, but 

 was not engaged in active hostilities, being 

 stationed at Davenport, Iowa. In March, 

 1833, he was transferred, as brevet second- 

 lieutenant, to the First Dragoons, which regi- 

 ment had just been created by Congress, in 

 lieu of the Mounted Rangers. Soon after, 

 April 30, 1833, he retired from the military 

 service. Preferring civil life, he, in a few 

 months, with marked facility, acquired suffi- 

 cient legal knowledge to be admitted to the 

 bar. Till 1834 he practised his new profes- 

 sion at Frankfort, Ky., and then at Louisville, 

 till the breaking out of the Mexican War. At 

 the same time, he was an officer of Kentucky 

 militia, as captain, 1836-'38 ; major, 1838-'41 ; 

 and lieutenant-colonel, 1841-'46. In 1836 he 

 raised a company of volunteers to march to 

 the Texas frontier, which, however, was dis- 

 banded after receiving the news of General 

 Houston's victory at San Jacinto. June 9, 

 1846, he became colonel of the First Kentucky 

 Cavalry, and, with his regiment, marched from 

 Memphis, Tenn., to join the army of General 

 Taylor at Saltillo, which he reached in time to 

 participate in the battle of Buena Vista. His 

 regiment having been disbanded July 7, 1847, 

 he returned to his native State, and settled on 

 a farm in Henry County, where he continued 

 to reside till 1861, except while in public life. 

 In 1849 he was elected to the United States 

 House of Representatives, became at once an 

 active member, and an ardent supporter of 

 Clay's compromise measures of 1850, and, in 

 1851, was reflected to Congress.. During his 

 second term, he was appointed, by President 

 Fillmore, August 6, 1852, commissioner of the 

 United States to the empire of China, which 

 was immediately raised to a first-class mission. 

 On being recalled, by President Pierce, Octo- 



MARYLAND. 



495 



ber 18, 1853, he resumed the practice of law, 

 at Washington, D. C., but, in 1855, was again 

 elected to Congress from Kentucky, by the 

 "Know-Nothing" party, where he continued 

 till 1859, serving, during his latter term, as a 

 member of the Committee on Military Affairs. 

 Though, in 1861, opposed to open secession of 

 the Southern States, and desirous to settle dif- 

 ferences with "peaceable weapons," within 

 the Union, he nevertheless joined in the war 

 against the United States, and became a briga- 

 dier-general. September, 1861, in the Confed- 

 erate service. Here he gained little reputa- 

 tion, and, upon resigning his commission, 

 opened a law-office, in Richmond, Va., and 

 subsequently removed to Louisville, where his 

 practice became both successful and lucrative. 

 He was among the first whose disabilities were 

 removed by Congress. General Marshall was 

 a ready and vigorous speaker, a fluent and 

 forcible writer, and stood high in his profes- 

 sion. 



MARYLAND. The last biennial session of 

 the Legislature of Maryland began on the 3d 

 of January, and came to a final adjournment 

 on the 1st of April. Four hundred and fifty- 

 two acts and ten joint resolutions were passed, 

 but the great mass of the legislation was of a 

 special or local character. The act of 1870, 

 repealing the education act of 1868, was re- 

 pealed, and the latter reenacted with amend- 

 ments. The law as reenacted is added to the 

 code of general laws under the title "Public 

 Education." It provides for a State Board of 

 Education, county commissioners, and district 

 trustees. The studies to be pursued are pre- 

 scribed in the following section : 



In common schools there shall be taught orthog- 

 raphy, reading, writing, English grammar, geogra- 

 phy, arithmetic, history of the United States, and 

 good behavior, algebra, book-keeping, natural phi- 

 losophy, the Constitution of the United States, the 

 constitution of the State of Maryland, and the history 

 of Maryland; vocal music, drawing, physiology, the 

 laws of health, domestic economy shall also he taught 

 whenever the Board of District School Trustees shall 

 deem it expedient ; and, in districts where there is a 

 considerable German population, the Board of County 

 School Commissioners are authorized to cause the 

 German language to be taught, if they think proper 

 so to do. 



Only white youth between the ages of six 

 and twenty-one years are admitted to the 

 public schools. A State Normal School for 

 students of both sexes is to be located in the 

 city of Baltimore. A Teachers' Institute, to 

 continue five days, must be held in each coun- 

 ty once a year, at which the county examiner 

 is required to be present each day to give 

 normal instruction. Separate provision is made 

 for the -schools of Baltimore, the mayor and 

 City Council having control over them. It is 

 made the duty of the county commissioners to 

 establish " one or more public schools in each 

 election district for all colored youth between 

 six and twenty years of age, to which admis- 

 sion shall be free, and which shnll be kept open 

 as long as the other public schools of the par- 



