MEHEMET, DJEMIL PACHA. 



MERLE-D'AUBIGNE, JEAN HENRI. 509 



army of which he had immediate command 

 fought great battles at the Wilderness, Spottsyl- 

 vania Court-House, and Cold Harbor, and was 

 employed many months in the siege of Peters- 

 burg. On the 18th of June, 1862, General 

 Meade was promoted to the rank of major of 

 engineers in the regular army, and on the 3d 

 of July, 1863, was advanced, by the several 

 grades" of lieutenant-colonel and colonel, to the 

 brigadier-generalship in the regular army. 

 During the session of 1863-'64 he received the 

 thanks of Congress, and was on the 1st of Feb- 

 ruary, 1865, promoted a major-general in the 

 regular army, his commission dating from Au- 

 gust 18, 1864. In the reconstruction of the 

 military divisions after the war, General 

 Meade was given the command of the Division 

 of the Atlantic, with headquarters at Philadel- 

 phia, where he resided in the house presented 

 to his wife by his fellow-citizens, in grateful 

 recognition of his eminent services. His rec- 

 ord is an illustrious one. He was a brilliant 

 soldier, a true patriot, an earnest Christian, 

 ever striving rather to be faithful in the dis- 

 charge of his duty than to win to himself daz- 

 zling honors. He was greatly esteemed by his 

 fellow-citizens, and the funeral honors paid to 

 Ms remains were only exceeded in their sad 

 magnificence by those bestowed upon Presi- 

 dent Lincoln. 



MEHEMET, DJEMIL PACHA, a Turkish diplo- 

 matist, born in Constantinople in 1823 ; died 

 on a railway train, while on a journey from 

 Paris to Lemberg, Austria, September 23, 1872. 

 He was the oldest son of the late Reschid Pacha, 

 and at the age of eleven years accompanied 

 his father on one of his missions to Paris, and 

 subsequently to London, remaining in "Western 

 Europe till he was twenty-two years of age, 

 and acquiring his education there. When his 

 father was called to the Ministry of Foreign Af- 

 fairs and the office of Grand- Vizier, he received 

 an appointment in the Bureau of Protocols. 

 Shortly afterward he married the sister of Me- 

 hemed Ali Pacha, brother-in-law of the Sultan, 

 and in 1849 was attached to the Imperial Pal- 

 ace as secretary of the Sultan. This- position 

 he retained until February, 1855, when he was 

 sent to represent the Porte at Paris. In the 

 following year he assisted Ali Pacha as second 

 plenipotentiary to the Paris Congress. Sub- 

 sequently he was made ambassador to Turin. 

 On August 8, 1861, he was made Chancellor 

 of the Divan, and charged temporarily with 

 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In October, 



1862, he was again sent as ambassador to 

 Paris, and about the same time, upon the 

 death of his father, he received the title of 

 pacha, and subsequently he was made muchir, 

 or marshal. He was afterward recalled from 

 this post, but was again returned in December, 



1863, and retained this position until his death. 

 He had been decorated with the Imperial order 

 of the Medjidie", had received the Grand Cross 

 of the order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus of 

 Sardinia, and of the Iron Crown of Austria. 



MERLE-D'AUBIGNE, JEAN HENEI, D. D., 

 a clergyman of the Reformed Church of 

 France, and historian of the Reformation, 

 born at Eaux Yives, on the left bank of Lake 

 Lernan, in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, 

 August 16, 1794; died in Geneva, October 21, 

 1872. He was descended, on both his father's 

 and mother's side, from distinguished Hugue- 

 nots, Matthew Merle, a distinguished general, 

 of the times- of Henry of Navarre, being one 

 of his ancestors, and Theodore Agrippa D'Au- 

 bigne, wit, scholar, poet, soldier, and histo- 

 rian, another. He received his academic edu- 

 cation, and commenced his studies for the 

 ministry, in Geneva, and afterward went to 

 the University of Berlin, where he attended 

 the lectures of Neander. It was while a stu- 

 dent in that university, and on a casual visit 

 to the Castle of Wartburg, that he first con- 

 ceived the idea of writing the history of the 

 Reformation. He was ordained in 1817, and 

 settled in Hamburg, as the pastor of the French 

 Calvinist Church in that city. In 1823 Merle- 

 D'Aubigne" removed to Brussels, where, for 

 seven years, he officiated as the pastor of the 

 chief Protestant church, and became at once 

 the court preacher, and the personal friend, of 

 the late King of Holland, then, as King of the 

 United Netherlands, a frequent resident at the 

 Flemish capital. Upon the separation of Bel- 

 gium from the crown of the house of Orange, 

 Merle-D'Aubigne returned to his native coun- 

 try, and accepted the chair of Ecclesiastical 

 History in a college founded by the Evangeli- 

 cal Society of Geneva, together with the gen- 

 eral direction of the institution. This position 

 enabled him to prosecute, with renewed energy, 

 the "great work" of his life, and in 1835 he 

 gave to the public the first volume of the 

 " History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth 

 Century." The translation of this work into 

 English, and its publication in Great Britain 

 and this country, soon followed. The history, 

 from his dramatic mode of presentation, has 

 all the charm of romance. More than two 

 hundred thousand copies of the translation 

 were sold in Great Britain, and more than 

 twice that number, in various forms, in the 

 United States. But, while this work occupied 

 the best part of thirty years of his life, he was 

 never negligent of his duties as professor and 

 director of the theological seminary. No abler 

 instructor has ever been connected with that 

 institution. He was not an extremist in his 

 theological views, although firm and decided 

 in adhering to and advocating the strong doc- 

 trines of the Reformation. In addition to his 

 history of the Reformation, he wrote another 

 series of volumes, on the Reformation in the 

 time of Calvin, especially as connected with 

 the life and work of this reformer, having a 

 more limited range, but entering more minute- 

 ly into the subject, and having the grnnd char- 

 acteristics of the author's style. This work, 

 which also extended to five volumes, was not 

 completed when the author ceased his labors. 



