530 



MEXICO. 



Court of Justice, occupied by Don S. Lerdo de 

 Tejada until the 18th of July, the latter was 

 succeeded by P. Ogazon. The generals com- 

 manding the respective corps cTarmee of the 

 republic were: North, Rocha; Centre, A. 

 Garcia ; East, Alatorre ; and West, R. Corona. 

 Archbishop of Mexico, P. A. de Labastida 

 (1863) ; of Michoacan, Dr. Arciga ; of Guadala- 

 jara, Dr. P. Loza (1870). Mexican Minister 

 Plenipotentiary to the United States, Don Ig- 

 nacio Mariscal. 



The Mexican army, according to the " Al- 

 manaque de las Oficionas," etc., published by 

 J. E. Perez, Mexico, 1871, was made up of 28 

 battalions of infantry, 1 battalion of chasseurs, 

 15 cavalry corps, 4 brigades of artillery, 8 siege 

 batteries, and 1 corps of engineers; but the ex- 

 act number of men in each corps is not known. 



More than two-thirds of the total trade of 

 Mexico is carried on with the United States. 

 The chief articles of export are silver, copper- 

 ores, cochineal, indigo, and other dyes, hides, 

 Sisal hemp, mahogany and other woods; and 

 the principal imports, cotton, linen and woollen 

 fabrics, wrought and unwrought iron, machin- 

 ery, etc. The value of the entire commerce 

 of the republic for the fiscal year ending June 

 30, 1870, is computed at: imports, $23,174,- 

 729 ; exports, $24,000,000. Of the exports, 

 $18,000,000, approximately, were in coin. 



The value of the imports from the United 

 States in the same year was $5,381,959.65 ; and 

 that of the exports to the United States, 

 $8,530,812.01. The exports to Great Britain 

 in 1876 amounted to $1,499,065 ; and in 1871 

 to $1,986,670. The imports from Great Brit- 

 ain in 1870 reached $4,554,410 ; and in 1871 

 $5,245,065. 



The port movements show for the year 

 1869-70 a total number of 635 vessels, with 

 an aggregate of 542,044 tons ; 238 were ves- 

 sels from the United States, with an aggre- 

 gate tonnage of 370,675. The following table 

 shows the lines of railways in the republic at 

 the end of 1871, with their respective lengths : 



Kilometres. 



Mexico to Puebla 186 



Vera Cruz to Paso del Macho 75 



Vera Cruz to Loma AUa 35 



Vera Cruz to Medellin 12 



Mexico to Tlalpara 24 



Mexico to Tacubaya 8 



Mexico to Guadalupe 7 



Total, about 190 miles, or 847 



The line from Yera Cruz to Mexico was 

 completed in 1872, and the total length of 

 railway was brought to 392 kilometres. 



The telegraph-lines open to the public ser- 

 vice at the same time were : 



Mexico to Vera Cruz, Tehuacan, Tlaxcala, and Tulan- 



cingo 1,048 



Vera Cruz to Tampico 289 



Tehuacan to Oajaca 272 



San Luis Potosi to Zacatecas 184 



Mexico to Cuernavaca 84 



Mexico to Toluca 67 



Zacatecas to Durango 54 



Leon to Guadalajara and Manzanillo 645 



Total, 1,652 miles, or 2,643 



In 1872 the total length of telegraph-lines 

 was 5,200 kilometres. 



About two-thirds of the public revenue are 

 derived from customs duties, on exports us 

 well as imports ; and nearly one-half of that 

 revenue is appropriated to the maintenance of 

 the army. For a number of years the finan- 

 cial affairs of the country have been in great 

 disorder, the expenditures nearly always being 

 in excess of the receipts ; deficits have been the 

 rule for upward of twenty years, and amount- 

 ed at times, during the French occupation, for 

 instance, to more than the entire revenue. 

 The year 1869-'70, however, offers an excep- 

 tion to this rule. 



The sources and amount of the revenues of 

 the Government of Mexico for the fiscal year 

 ending June 30, 1870, are given in the follow- 

 ing table : 



Customs duties $9,029,873 24 



Indirect taxation 1,310.536 34 



Stamped paper 1,919.815 32 



Sale of national property 322,303 43 



Direct taxation 563,909 22 



Mint duties 135,278 84 



Assaying and smelting duties 45,733 97 



Department of Public Instruction. 93,383 74 



Carriage-taxes 12,202 68 



Post-Office Department 417,347 79 



Sundries 540,630 10 



Total $14,420,574 67 



The expenditure for the same period com- 

 prised the following branches: 



Executive $31,186 



Legislature 572,259 



Supreme Court of Justice 210.T61 



Ministry of Foreign Affairs 100,235 



Ministry of Justice 783.233 



Ministry of Public Works 466,062 



Ministry of the Interior 1,906,830 



Ministry of Finance 661446 



Ministry of War 4,673.811 



Provincial expenditure 1,880.714 . 



Cost of collecting revenue 1,198.985 



Arrears 561,520 



Total $13,046,742 



No official returns of the national debt 

 have been published since the reign of Maxi- 

 milian, at which time the total debt was com- 

 puted to be $317,357,250, bearing an annual 

 interest of $19,725,370. The amount of the 

 debt of Mexico to England in 1862 was $100,- 

 000,000, which had increased by 1872 to $300- 

 000,000 ; but this, together with the amounts 

 due to France for war expenses, is entirely re- 

 pudiated by the present Government of the re- 

 public. Indeed, the interest on the recognized 

 internal debt, which is about $35,000,000, has 

 not been paid for many years past. 



Public instruction is gaining more and more 

 importance each year; in most of the States 

 each municipality has primary schools for 

 both sexes, the teachers being paid out of mu- 

 nicipal funds. The Lancasterian Society of 

 the city of Mexico furnishes examined teachers 

 for the elementary branches of those schools, 

 and, by its untiring efforts for the advance- 

 ment of the cause of education generally, is 

 establishing a firm basis for the future welfare 

 of the country. 



Official information of the defeat of the 



