OHIO. 



653 



. Number of horses listed for taxa- 

 tion, in 1872, 718,157; value, $46,397,554; 

 average value, $65.87 ; increased number over 

 1870, 6,808 horses ; decreased value, $505,235. 



Mules. Number listed for taxation, in 1872, 

 22,958; value, $1,589,535; average value, 

 $69.23 ; increased number, 972 ; decreased 

 value, $3,848 ; decreased average value, $3.28. 



Cattle. Total number returned by assessors 

 in 1872, 1,761,623; value, $31,902,348; aver- 

 age value, $18.10 ; increased number, 115,183 ; 

 decreased value, $3,740,136 ; decreased aver- 

 age value, $3.54. 



Sfoep.Number reported in 1872, 4,464,898; 

 value, $13,848,810 ; average value, $3.10 ; in- 

 creased number, 161,994; increased value, $5,- 

 781,111 ; increased average value, $1.23. 



Hogs. Number, 2,315,554; value, $6,663,- 

 421 ; average value, $2.87 ; increased number, 

 151,151; decreased value, $2,626,993; de- 

 creased average value, $1.42. 



Wool. The returns of the assessors show 

 that the wool-clip of 1871 was 16,139,331 

 pounds, which is 572,190 less than the clip of 

 1872. 



Dogs and Sheep-killing. Number of dogs re- 

 ported in 1871, 185,023 ; sheep killed by dogs, 

 '39,726, valued at $126,874; sheep maimed by 

 dogs, 26,245, estimated damage, $51,043. 



Grapes and Wine. Acres planted in 1871, 

 907 ; acres in vineyards, 11,219 ; pounds of 

 grapes gathered, 19,292,980 ; gallons df wine 

 pressed, 1,031,923. This is the largest crop 

 ever gathered in the State, and, compared 

 with that of 1870, shows an increase of 103 in 

 acres planted, 329 in acres in vineyard, 3,439,- 

 261 in pounds of grapes gathered, and a de- 

 crease of 1,545,984 in gallons of wine pressed. 

 The counties producing over one million 

 pounds of grapes are as follows : Ottawa, 

 5,605,688 ; Erie, 4,628,436 ; Ouyahoga, 2,529,- 

 655 ; Lorain, 1,551,199 ; total, 14,314,978. 



These counties produced about 75 per cent, 

 of the crop gathered in 1871. 



Orchards. Acres in orchards, 383,647; 

 bushels of apples gathered, 10,437,437; bush- 

 els of peaches gathered, 860,530 ; bushels of 

 pears gathered, 126,982. Comparing with 



1870, we have an increase of 6,350 acres in or- 

 chards, 550,891 bushels of peaches, 59,885 

 bushels of pears, and a decrease of 575,145 

 bushels of apples. 



Goal. The aggregate of stone-coal mined in 



1871, as returned by the township assessors, is 

 55,316,666 bushels. The returns show that 

 coal was mined in 37 counties in the State. 

 The amount actually mined is doubtless large- 

 ly in excess of the reported figures. An ex- 

 amination of the returns shows that one-half 

 the coal reported mined was taken from the 

 northeastern portion of the State. 



Figures from the State Chemist, Prof. 

 Wormley, show the result of analyses of the 

 best iron-smelting coals of Ohio, from eight 

 localities. The average of fixed carbon is 

 57.43 per cent., the highest, and therefore 



most valuable for furnace-coal, being the Briar 

 Hill (Mahoning County), 62.66, and the lowest, 

 the Sunday Creek (Perry County), 53.62. 



The English analyses of best furnace-coals 

 give 50.19 for Scotch coal, 56.90 for New- 

 castle, 67.71 for Welsh coal. The analysis of 

 Briar Hill coal, in full, is as follows : Specific 

 gravity, 1.284; water, 3.60; volatile matter, 

 32.58 ; fixed carbon, 62.66 ; ashes, 1.16 ; sul- 

 phur, 0.85 ; color of ashes, red ; character of 

 the coke, pulverulent. The English, analysis 

 of Welsh coal is: Specific gravity, 1.315 ; car- 

 bon, 83.78; hydrogen, 4.79; nitrogen, 0.98; 

 sulphur, 1.43; oxygen, 4.15 ; ashes, 491 ; per- 

 centage of coke, 72.62 ; fixed carbon, 67.61. 



Iron. Prof. Andrews, of the Geological 

 Survey, who is in charge of the Southern Ohio 

 district, reports iron-ore, in greater or less 

 abundance, in the following counties: Mus- 

 kingum, Licking, Perry, Hocking, Athens, Yin- 

 ton, Jackson, Scioto, Lawrence, and Gallia. 

 The ores in this district are of great excellence 

 and purity, and the iron made from them has 

 already a high reputation. The iron-ores of 

 Southern Ohio are classified as limonites, or 

 hydrated sesquioxides of iron, and siderites, or 

 blue carbonates of iron. 



In Vinton, Jackson, Scioto, and Lawrence 

 Counties, the favorite ore rests upon a seam 

 of limestone, and hence it is called the " lime- 

 stone ore." It is remarkably free from sul- 

 phur and phosphorus, and the charcoal-iron 

 made from this ore, according to Prof. An- 

 drews, has no superior in the world. 



The average percentage of metallic iron in a 

 large number of the more important limonite 

 ores of the limestone seam is 51.666 ; of the 

 blue siderite ore, 38.050; of gray siderite, 

 35.526. The average of metallic iron in four 

 samples of ore from the famous Cleveland iron 

 district, England, is but 35.75 per cent., while 

 the average of six samples from the fields in 

 Southern Ohio is 36.57. 



The ore least rich in iron is the " gray lime- 

 stone." The Craig ore, found between Ham- 

 den and McArthur, Ohio, is a very rich limo- 

 nite, and contains 58.62 per cent, of metallic 

 iron. The " Hanging Rock" iron (for this 

 name is generally given to all iron made south 

 of the Hocking River) is everywhere cele- 

 brated for its superior quality. 



Prof. Newberry says the quantity of iron-ore 

 in Northeastern Ohio is large, but probably 

 somewhat less than that found in the southern 

 portion of our coal-fields. The kidney-ores 

 exist in greater or less abundance in every 

 township within the coal-area, and they are 

 largely used in the furnaces in this locality. 



Conspicuous bands of the "kidney" ore are 

 found at several horizons in the lower coal- 

 measures in Holmes County. In Columbiana 

 County, the deposits of this ore are very rich. 

 " In Tuscarawas County, at Dover and Mineral 

 Point, the richest accumulation of kidney ore 

 is over the gray limestone, and in the roof- 

 shales of the Newberry coal. In Columbiana 



