668 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



work for which they were respectively in- 

 tended. All of them are placed under the 

 superintendence and direction of a " Board 

 of Charities." This Board was established 

 not many years ago, and its memhers, with 

 highly-commendable solicitude, have steadily 

 attended to the discharge of the delicate and 

 manifold duties which they have assumed. 

 They receive no pecuniary compensation. Be- 

 sides the money from the State appropriated 

 for the support of these institutions, private 

 persons voluntarily contribute large amounts 

 for the welfare of their inmates. 



The two penitentiaries of Pennsylvania are 

 conducted on different (almost contrary) sys- 

 tems in regard to the mode of helping the 

 convicts confined within the prison ; and 

 both systems are said to work very satisfac- 

 torily. In the Eastern Penitentiary " the ' sep- 

 arate' or 'individual treatment' system of 

 imprisonment is applied ; " and it works so 

 well that this penitentiary is said to be re- 

 garded as " the model prison." 



The Western Penitentiary, which contains 

 ample room for present demands, "is con- 

 ducted on the ' combined ' system of ' solitary ' 

 and ' congregate ' imprisonment." The work- 

 ing of this system also is affirmed to " give 

 entire satisfaction to all concerned." 



The number of applications for pardons, 

 presented to the Governor, within the year 

 1872, was 1,437, of which he granted 67. 



The death-penalty was twice carried into 

 execution during the year in Pennsylvania. 



Disturbances of a very grave character oc- 

 curred at "VVilliamsport, on the 22d and 23d 

 of July, the offenders being the mill-workmen 

 on a strike. Their purpose was to stop and 

 close the mills at work above and below the 

 city, which they also effected. By the pres- 

 ence of the militia the riot was quelled. 



According to the census of 1870, of the 

 total population (2,597,809) ten years old and 

 over, there were engaged in all classes of occu- 

 pations 1,020,544 persons, of whom 886,209 

 were males and 134,335 females. There were 

 engaged in agriculture, 260,051, including 

 258,772 males and 1,279 females; in profes- 

 sional and personal services, 283,000, including 

 192,674 males and 90,326 females; in trade 

 and transportation, 121,253, including 116,714 

 males and 4,539 females; in manufactures and 

 mechanical and mining industries, 356,240, in- 

 cluding 318,049 males and 88,191 females. 



The State contained 11,515,965 acres of im- 

 proved land, 5,740,864 of woodland, and 737,371 

 of other unimproved land. The cash value of 

 farms was $1,043,481,582; of farming imple- 

 ments and machinery, $35,658,196; total amount 

 of wages paid during the year, including value 

 of board, $23,181,944; total (estimated) value 

 of all farm productions, including betterments 

 and additions to stock, $183,946,027; orchard- 

 products, $4,208,094 ; produce of market-gar- 

 dens, $1,810,016; forest-products, $2,670,370; 

 value of home manufactures, $1,503,754; of 



animals slaughtered or sold for slaughter, 

 $28,412,903; of all live-stock, $115,647,075. 

 There were 460,339 horses, 18,009 mules 

 and asses, 706,437 milch-cows, 30,048 working- 

 oxen, 608,066 other cattle, 1,794,301 sheep, 

 and 867,548 swine. The chief productions 

 were 322,328 bushels of spring, and 19,350,639 

 of winter, wheat, 3,576,641 of rye, 34,702,006 

 of Indian-corn, 36,478,585 of oats, 529,562 of 

 barley, 2,532,173 of buckwheat, 3,467,539 

 pounds of tobacco, 6,561,722 of wool, 39,574 

 bushels of peas and beans, 12,889,367 of Irish, 

 and 131,572 of sweet, potatoes, 97,165 gallons 

 of wine, 60,834,644 pounds of butter, 1,145,209 

 of cheese, 14,411,729 gallons of milk sold, 

 2,848,219 tons of hay, 200,678 bushels of 

 clover-seed, 50,642 of grass-seed, 90,688 pounds 

 of hops, 571 of hemp, 815,906 of flax, 15,624 

 of flax-seed, 1 silk cocoon, 9 hogsheads of 

 sorghum, 1,545,917 pounds of maple, sugar, 

 213,373 gallons of sorghum, and 39,385 of ma- 

 ple, molasses, 796,989 pounds of honey, and 

 27,033 of wax. 



The total number of manufacturing estab- 

 lishments was 37,200, using 6,230 steam-engines 

 of 221,936 horse -power; and 7,603 water- 

 wheels of 141,982 horse-power, and employ- 

 ing 319,487 hands, of whom 256,543 were 

 males above sixteen, 43,712 females above fif- 

 teen, and 19,232 youth. 



The total amount of capital invested was 

 $403,821,845 ; wages paid during the year, 

 $127,976,594; value of materials consumed, 

 $421,197,673; of products, $711,894,344. 



The whole number of newspapers and peri- 

 odicals was 540, having an aggregate circulation 

 of 3,419,765, and issuing annually 241,170,540 

 copies. There were 55 daily, with a circula- 

 tion of 466,070 ; 3 tri - weekly, circulation 

 40,000; 2 semi -weekly, circulation 17,700; 

 382 weekly, circulation 1,213,395; 11 semi- 

 monthly, circulation 825,100 ; 73 monthly, 

 circulation 846,550 ; 3 bi-monthly, circulation 

 8,550; 8 quarterly, circulation 38,200. 



There were 14,489 libraries having 6,377,845 

 volumes. , Of these, 9,883, with 3,328,598 vol- 

 umes, were private, and 4,966, with 3,049,247 

 volumes, were other than private, including 

 86 circulating libraries, with 330,153 volumes. 



The total number of religious organizations 

 was 5,984, having 5,668 edifices, with 2,332, 288 

 sittings, and property valued at $52, 758,384. 



The leading denominations were : 



The condition of pauperism and crime is 

 shown by the following statistics : 



Total population 3,521,951 



Number of persons receiving support during 

 the year ending June 1, 1870 13,872 



