676 POLLARD, EDWAKD A. 



PORK-PACKING. 



the presidency, and which consisted of a long 

 list of services to his country, still offers many 

 points of view that are at once warning and 

 instructive. At the beginning of his public 

 career, when he took part in the military 

 operations brought about by the invasion of 

 Peru by Santa Cruz, young Balta was remarked 

 as much for his subordination and discipline 

 as for his bravery and intelligence in the field 

 of battle. What convictions were strengthened 

 and principles adopted for the future, during 

 his period of retirement after the battle of La 

 Pal ma, we are left to judge more or less from 

 the color of the events of his subsequent career. 

 His patriotic exertions, in repelling the attack 

 of the Spaniards on the 2d of May, entitle him 

 still more to the regards and regrets of his 

 countrymen. He expressed his dislike of dic- 

 tators, and proved it by aiding in the over- 

 throw of Prado, and the restoration of the 

 Constitution of 1860. But the hour of his own 

 temptation had not yet arrived. Elected Presi- 

 dent himself, he did, and allowed to be done, 

 things which, in the quiet moments of his pre- 

 vious life, he probably did not believe himself 

 capable of. 



Congress, in October, authorized the Govern- 

 ment to grant a subsidy of $20,000, for the 

 extension of telegraphic communication from 

 Payta to Samana, to form a union with the 

 submarine cable just laid between Aspinwall 

 and Jamaica. 



POLLARD, EDWAKD A., a Virginian jour- 

 nalist, litterateur, and historian, born in Rich- 

 mond, Va., in 182*7; died in Lynchburg, Va., 

 December 12, 1872. He was a son of Major 

 Richard Pollard, a soldier and diplomatist. 

 He received his early education in Richmond, 

 and subsequently in the University of Virginia. 

 He entered upon the journalistic profession 

 while still young, and distinguished himself as a 

 vigorous and caustic though not a very polished 

 writer. He held an official position in "Wash- 

 ington during President Buchanan's Adminis- 

 tration, but was, in 1859 and 1860, an avowed 

 secessionist. From 1861 to 1867 he was prin- 

 cipal editor of the Richmond Examiner, and, 

 while an earnest advocate for the Confederate 

 cause during the war, he was a merciless critic 

 of Mr. Jefferson Davis, the President of the 

 so-called Confederacy. Toward the close of 

 the war he was taken prisoner and confined 

 for eight months, when he was released on 

 parole. In 1867 he became editor of a weekly, 

 the Southern Opinion, published in Richmond. 

 He maintained this for two years, when the 

 assassination of his brother, who was also a 

 journalist, in November, 1868, led him to 

 abandon the South for a time. He resided for 

 the next two years in Brooklyn and New 

 York, and contributed to the various maga- 

 zines. In 1872 he returned to Virginia, and 

 made Lynchburg his residence. But he was 

 already suffering from the formidable disease 

 which has of late years carried off so many 

 literary men albuminuria and succumbed 



to it near the close of the year. Mr. Pollard 

 had published a volume of letters descriptive 

 of Southern life, entitled "Black Diamonds, 

 gathered in the Darkey Homes of the South," 

 in 1859, and during the war he was actively 

 engaged, in addition to his journalistic duties, 

 in preparing a contemporaneous "Southern 

 Hjstory of the War," which was published in 

 Richmond and New York, in 3 vols., 1863-1865. 

 His subsequent works were "Eight Months 

 in Prison," 1865; "The Lost Cause," 1866; 

 "Lee and his Lieutenants," 1867; "The Lost 

 Cause Regained," 1868; "Life of Jefferson 

 Davis," 1869; "The Virginia Tourist," Mr. 

 Pollard's magazine articles were, for the mo^t 

 part, either on incidents of the war, or some 

 phase of Southern life. He had abated much 

 of his old rancor in them, and was evidently 

 convinced that the South could best recover 

 her lost prestige by the general diffusion of 

 education, and the development of her great 

 industrial advantages. He had, indeed, for 

 three or four years before his death, advocated 

 very heartily a recognition of the national au- 

 thority in the South, and had warmly support- 

 ed the Liberal movement and its candidates. 



PORK-PACKING. During the last, year, 

 complete statistics of pork-packing in the 

 West, for the seasons of 187l-'72 and 1870-'7l, 

 were collected, under the authority of the Cin- 

 cinnati Chamber of Commerce, by Sidney D. 

 Maxwell, Esq., Superintendent of the Mer- 

 chants' Exchange. Mr. Maxwell accomplished 

 this work by an extensive correspondence ^vith 

 all the pork-packing cities, towns, and villages 

 of the West and South, and the results ob- 

 tained and carefully digested are believed to 

 be the most comprehensive and accurate ex- 

 hibit of this most important industry yet given 

 to the public. 



"It is proper to say," says Mr. Maxwell, 

 "that I have sought in this work to procure 

 the best information, and to base the report 

 upon returns actually made from the various 

 localities. The statements received have gen- 

 erally been full, and where, in -either weight, 

 yield of lard, or price, satisfactory inform at ion 

 has not been obtained, the averages in the re- 

 mainder of the particular State in which the 

 point is located, or in adjacent localities simi- 

 larly situated, have been adopted. Where 

 lard has been returned, leaf and trimmings 

 alone, ten pounds per head have been added 

 for head and gut, for the purpose of securing 

 the total average yield per hog. This has 

 been done after consultation with the most 

 experienced slaughterers and packers of the 

 country. It should be remarked, however, 

 that the reports were generally made in com- 

 pliance with my request for all kinds of lard, 

 so that the number of instances in which the 

 whole yield had to be so procured was com- 

 paratively small." 



The following tables show by States, for the 

 seasons of 1870-'7l and 1871-72, the number 

 of hogs packed, the average and aggregate 



