PORTUGAL. 



PRESBYTERIANS. 



679 



vessels, with 336 guns; the marine troops, of 

 3,121 men. 



The imports and exports of the kingdom, dur- 

 ing the years 1868 and 1869, were as follows: 



The movements of shipping in the ports of 

 Portugal, daring the year 1869, were as fol- 

 lows : 



The Roman Catholic Church is the state 

 religion, but all other forms of worship are 

 tolerated. It is under the special jurisdiction 

 of a Patriarch, with extensive powers, two 

 archbishops, and four bishops. Under the 

 Patriarch, who is always a cardinal, are five 

 continental and five colonial bishops; under 

 the Archbishop of Braga, who has the title of 

 Primate, are six ; and under the Archbishop 

 of Evora, three bishops. There are 3,769 

 parishes, each under the charge of a presbe- 

 tero or incumbent. The number of Protes- 

 tants in Portugal, mostly foreigners, does not 

 exceed 500 ; they have chapels at Lisbon and 

 Oporto. 



Public instruction is under the control of a 

 Superior Council of Education, at the head of 

 which is the Minister of the Interior. It is en- 

 tirely free from the supervision of the Church, 

 and, since 1844, compulsory ; but the law, com- 

 pelling parents to send their children to school, 

 is not enforced. In 1865 Portugal had 1,788 

 public elementary schools, with 79,172 pupils 

 (70,720 boys and 8,452 girls). In 1844, two 

 normal schools were established at Lisbon and 

 Oporto, which are in a flourishing condition. 

 The number of lyceums, which impart second- 

 ary instruction, is 182, with (on an average) 

 3,000 scholars. The clergy are educated in 

 six seminaries and eight training-schools. The 

 University of Coimbra, which was founded in 

 1290, has five faculties, 46 professors and lect- 

 urers, and from 800 to 900 students. 



The new session of the Portuguese Cortes 

 was opened by King Luis, on January 2, 1872. 

 The speech from the throne announced that 

 steps had been taken for punishing the persons 

 who had recently conspired against the Gov- 

 ernment, and that the public Treasury was in 

 a prosperous condition. 



In March, the Emperor and the Empress of 

 Brazil paid a visit to the royal family of Portu- 

 gal, and remained until the 13th, when they 

 reembarked at Lisbon for Brazil. On the 2d 

 of April the Portuguese Government made a 

 contract with the British Telegraph Mainte- 



nance and Sustenance Company for laying ^ a 

 submarine cable between Portugal and Brazil, 

 via Madeira and the Cape Verd Islands. 



The new treaty of commerce between Portu- 

 gal and Germany became effective July 10th, 

 and, on the 17th of the same month, a treaty 

 of commerce and navigation was signed, at 

 Lisbon, between Italy and Portugal. 



On July 24th the fortieth anniversary of 

 the liberation was celebrated throughout the 

 kingdom with great enthusiasm. The day was 

 generally observed as a holiday, and the cele- 

 bration was considered as a popular protest 

 against the Carlist and Miguelist movements. 

 At Lisbon a parade of the troops was held, 

 and a Te Deum, at which the King was present, 

 was sung in honor of the event. 



In the latter days of September, the foun- 

 deries of Lisbon, with a few exceptions, closed 

 their doors, locking out some 200 workmen, 

 whose demands the proprietors refused to 

 grant. This movement of the workmen was 

 believed to be supported, if not ordered, by 

 the International Society, which, on this occa- 

 sion, attracted, for the first time, general at- 

 tention. The Society began its operations in 

 Portugal in November, 1871, with 32 members. 

 In January, 1872, it numbered 327, in August, 

 2,750 members. It does not expressly call it- 

 self a branch of the International, but, as in 

 Germany and other countries, has assumed a 

 different name. The leaders, however, are in 

 communication with the General Council of 

 London, which has sanctioned its statutes. In 

 October, 1872, the Portuguese Society con- 

 sisted of 28 sections of different trades, em- 

 bracing 2,380 men and 446 women. At the 

 head of the Society in Lisbon is J. Futana, 

 who, as secretary, attends to the foreign cor- 

 respondence, and is in constant communica- 

 tion with the Spanish socialists. A number 

 of societies had also been established outside 

 of Lisbon, which were soon to be connected 

 with the 28 sections of the capital. 



In October, the Duke de Louie, President 

 of the Chamber of Peers, sent in his resigna- 

 tion, on the ground that, in his opinion, the 

 special convention of the Chamber of Peers 

 to try the Marquis d'Anjeja, a leader of a re- 

 cent insurrectionary movement, was illegal. 

 On October 15th the Government appointed the 

 Marquis d'Avila President of the Chamber of 

 Peers. The ordinary tribunal had acquitted 

 the Marquis of high-treason, but convicted him 

 of complicity in the late conspiracy. The Mar- 

 quis addressed a communication to the Cham- 

 ber, of which he is a member, protesting 

 against its being constituted as a judicial tri- 

 bunal, and declaring such a proceeding to be 

 illegal. His communication points out the 

 anomaly of the Chamber of Peers being called 

 upon to act as judge in an affair in which it 

 stands in the position of accused. 



PRESBYTERIANS. I. PRESBYTERIAN 

 CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

 The following are the statistics of this Church : 



