SPALDING, MARTIN J. 



747 



produced. He is President of the Spanish 

 Abolition Society. Senor Calvo Ascensio, the 

 Second Secretary of the Congress, is the 

 youngest in the Cortes, being only twenty, but 

 he is a young man of great attainments, and 

 he bears a name ever honored among the Lib- 

 erals of Spain that of his father, the late 

 Calvo Ascensio, founder of La Iberia, and the 

 friend and early patron of Sefior Sagasta. 



A motion for the impeachment of the Sa- 

 gasta-Moreno ministry was supported by the 

 Republicans and a portion of the Kadicals. 

 Sefior Zorrilla spoke against the motion, but 

 declared that he would not make it a cabinet 

 question. Senor Martos also spoke against the 

 motion, which, however, was taken into con- 

 sideration by a vote of 124 against 104. 



On October llth, 1,500 men at the Arsenal of 

 Ferrol, in Galicia, rebelled to the cry of " Viva 

 la reptiblica ! " under Montijo and the retired 

 army-colonel Pazo. The Republican members 

 of the Cortes disavowed all complicity with 

 the movement, which after a few days was 

 put down by the Captain-General of Galicia. 



The Carlist bands were, at the close of the 

 year, not yet fully suppressed, but they were of 

 no political importance. The extreme wing of 

 the Kepublicans. also attempted several risings, 

 all of which were without difficulty put down. 



In October, the Spanish Government decided 

 to abandon the fortress of Penon de la Gomero 

 (40 miles southeast of Ceuta), in Morocco. The 

 war-material was to be sent to other Spanish 

 possessions on the coast of Africa, where con- 

 sidered convenient, and the fortress to be blown 

 up, to render its re'establishment impossible. 



The war in Cuba continued throughout the 

 year, and, although the Spanish Government, 

 in February, complied with the demand of 

 Captain-General Valmaseda to send several 

 thousand more Spanish troops to Cuba, it does 

 not seem that any signal advantages were 

 gained over the insurgents. The latter, on 

 several occasions, were entirely successful, 

 even according to Spanish accounts. Thus, on 

 March 5th, they captured the town of Sagua de 

 Tahaman, and, on June 29th, they defeated the 

 Spaniards near Holguin. A Spanish account 

 claims that from the commencement of the cam- 

 paign in Cuba to August, 1872, 13,600 insur- 

 gents were killed, and a large nnraber taken 

 prisoners ; 69,640 were in submission to the Gov- 

 ernment, and 4,819 fire-arms, 3,249 swords and 

 bayonets, and 9,921 horses were captured. 



SPALDING, Most Rev. MARTIN JOHN, D. D., 

 seventh Archbishop of the Roman Catholic 

 Diocese of Baltimore, Primate and Metropoli- 

 tan of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in the 

 United States, born near Lebanon, Marion 

 County, Ky., May 23, 1810; died in Baltimore, 

 Md., February 7, 1872. His parents were na- 

 tives of Maryland, but emigrated, in their youth, 

 to Kentucky. In his twelfth year, Martin was 

 sent to the Saint Mary's Seminary, Marion 

 County, Ky., from which he graduated in 

 1836. Having determined on entering the 



ministry, he proceeded at once to Bardstown, 

 Ky., where he remained four years in the 

 Saint Joseph's Seminary, studying theology 

 and teaching in the college. In April, 1830, 

 he went to Rome, and soon after entered the 

 Urban College of the Propaganda. Here also 

 he remained four years, and, at the conclusion 

 of his course, made a public defence, covering 

 the whole ground of theology and canon law, 

 and embracing two hundred and fifty-six the- 

 ses or propositions, which he maintained, in 

 Latin, against all opponents for seven hours. 

 As a result of this able effort, he was made a 

 Doctor of Divinity by acclamation, and, hav- 

 ing been ordained priest, returned .home, and 

 was at once made pastor of Saint Joseph's 

 Church, in Bardstown, and afterward Presi- 

 dent of Saint Joseph's College. After having 

 been again for a short time pastor of the 

 above-mentioned church, he was called, in 

 1843, to the cathedral in Louisville, and, five 

 years later, to the episcopate, under the title 

 of Bishop of Lengone, as coadjutor to the 

 venerable Bishop Flaget, of Louisville, whom 

 he succeeded in 1850. On the death of Dr. 

 Kenrick, Archbishop of Baltimore, in 1863, 

 Bishop Spalding was created Archbishop of 

 Baltimore May 12, 1864. This see being the 

 oldest in the republic, Pius IX. conferred upon 

 it, by a special decree, the prerogative of place, 

 in virtue of which, Archbishop Spalding, taking 

 official precedence of all other prelates, became 

 the Primate of Honor of the Roman Catholic 

 Church in the United States. One of the 

 most remarkable events of his administration 

 was his convening and presiding over the sec- 

 ond Plenary Council of Baltimore, in October, 

 1866, an assembly composed of all the arch- 

 bishops and bishops of the United States, and 

 continuing its deliberations two weeks. The 

 acts and decrees of this council, embracing also 

 those of all previous councils of Baltimore, 

 were, in due time, approved by the Pope, and 

 published in an octavo volume. In June, 1867, 

 he visited Rome, on the occasion of the eigh- 

 teen hundreth anniversary of the martyrdom 

 of Saints Peter and Paul, and assisted in the 

 canonization of various heroes of the Church 

 in modern times. Upon the convocation of the 

 (Ecumenical Council at Rome, December, 1869, 

 Archbishop Spalding was again in attendance, 

 and, upon his return home in November, 1870, 

 was welcomed by a public procession of nearly 

 sixty thousand people. He was among the 

 most strenuous supporters of the dogma of the 

 papal infallibility, which he defended in a 

 lengthy pastoral letter, written in Rome and 

 published and extensively circulated in the 

 United States. In this document he took the 

 ground that, while, as a private individual, the 

 Pope is not exempt from sin and error, as a 

 public and authorized teacher of all Christen- 

 dom, and as a supreme judge of the faith, his 

 solemn decisions on doctrines of faith and 

 morals, are guaranteed from error by the di- 

 vine promises made to Peter and his succes- 



