r48 ST. GOTHAKD TUNNEL. 



SULLY, THOMAS. 



sors, in order that the whole Church might 

 not be misled into fatal mistakes, and the 

 whole work of Christ be thus marred and 

 ruined. His chief works are the following: 

 "D'Aubigne's History of the Reformation Re- 

 viewed," 1844; "Sketches of the Early Catho- 

 lic Missions of Kentucky," Louisville, 1846; 

 "Lectures on the General Evidences of Catho- 

 licity," 1847; "Life, Times, and Character of 

 Bishop Flaget," 1852; "Miscellanea," two 

 vols., 1855 ; " History of the Protestant Refor- 

 mation in Germany and Other Countries," two 

 vols., 1860. 



ST. GOTHARD TUNNEL. After pro- 

 tracted negotiations of a very difficult nature 

 with various contractors, the administration 

 of the St. Gothard Railway closed, on August 

 Vth, the agreement with reference to the con- 

 struction of the great Alpine tunnel between 

 Goeschenen and Airolo. The successful com- 

 petitor for the perforation of the greatest tun- 

 nel under the Alps is a Swiss contractor, M. 

 L. Favre, of Geneva, who has already exe- 

 cuted very considerable and various railway 

 and tunnel works in a manner which was cal- 

 culated to recommend strongly his application 

 for the colossal undertaking. 



According to the propositions of M. Favre, 

 the total cost of the excavation of the great 

 tunnel (14.8 kilometres in length, or rather 

 more than nine English miles) will be 50,- 

 000,000 francs, or, say, $10,000,000; this sum 

 including, of course, the preparatory works, 

 machinery, and permanent way. M. Favre's 

 offer, is, therefore, about 10,000,000 francs 

 below the estimate of the international com- 

 mission, and 12,500,000 below the offer of 

 Signor Grattoni, made by this gentleman on 

 behalf of the Societa Italiana di Lavori Pub- 

 blici, of Turin. M. Favre engages himself to 

 finish the tunnel within eight years from the 

 date of approval of the agreement by the 

 Swiss Federal Council. In the case that M. 

 Favre should succeed in completing the works 

 before the specified period, he will be entitled 

 to receive for each day of such premature ac- 

 complishment of the undertaking a premium 

 of 5,000 francs, $1,000; should, on the other 

 hand, the completion of the works be retarded 

 no matter for what cause beyond the said 

 period, then the contractor will have to pay 

 for each day the sum of 5,000 francs. If the 

 delay exceeds six months, the deduction from 

 the contract price will be increased to 10,000 

 francs per day, and at the expiration of one 

 year the agreement will be cancelled, when the 

 security of 8,000,000 francs will become the 

 property of the St. Gothard Railway Company. 



STRONG, SELAII BREWSTER, LL. D., an 

 eminent jurist, and formerly Judge of the 

 Supreme Court of New York, born in Brook- 

 haven, L. I., May 1, 1792; died at his resi- 

 dence, Saint George Manor, Setauket, L. I., 

 November 29, 1872. He entered Yale Col- 

 lege at the age of fifteen years, and graduated 

 in the class of 1811. Having chosen the 



profession of law as his pursuit in life, and 

 devoted three years of close application to its 

 study, he was admitted to the bar in 1814, 

 and, after practising for seven years, was ap- 

 pointed district attorney for the county of 

 Suffolk, the appointment at that time being 

 made in the Court of General Sessions. This 

 position he retained, with a single interval of 

 nine months, until 1842, when he was elected 

 as a member of Congress. He served one 

 term, after which he was elected to the bench 

 of the Supreme Court of the State of New 

 York for the second district, drawing the 

 short term -of two years, at the expiration of 

 which he was reflected for the full term, serv- 

 ing until 1860. In 1867 he was a member of 

 the State Constitutional Convention. His 

 great age prevented active participation in 

 debate, but his ripe experience and sound 

 judgment rendered his advice of great value; 

 his tall, commanding form, thick silvery hair, 

 and kindly face, giving him a very benign ap- 

 pearance. As a jurist on the bench, and a 

 counsellor discussing points of law, he was 

 held in deserved esteem by the people of the 

 whole State, and the record of his decisions 

 and opinions forms an imperishable monument 

 to his memory. Though elected to office as a 

 representative of the Democratic party, of 

 which he was a strong and consistent advo- 

 cate, when entering upon judicial duties he 

 left politics behind him, and never subsequent- 

 ly figured prominently in political life. 



SULLY, THOMAS, an American painter, born 

 in Horncastle, Lincolnshire, Eng., June 8, 1783 ; 

 died at Philadelphia, November 5, 1872. At 

 the age of nine years he came to this country 

 with his parents, who were English actors, 

 and soon after entered the office of a broker, 

 but, displaying no aptitude for business, he 

 was apprenticed to a designer in Charleston, 

 S. C. In 1803 he established himself as an 

 artist in Richmond, Va. Obtaining letters to 

 Lawrence and Reynolds, then in the height of 

 their fame, and with $400 in his pocket, he 

 sailed for England, where he studied for many 

 years under Sir Benjamin "West, forming his 

 style, and learning the art of preparing colors, 

 from that eminent painter. Upon his return 

 to this country, he made his residence in 

 Philadelphia, and devoted himself with ardor 

 to his profession. His reputation as one of 

 the leading American portrait - painters is 

 founded upon numerous works produced in 

 the chief cities of the United States. Among 

 his large productions may be mentioned, full- 

 length portraits of George Frederick Cooke as 

 Richard III., Dr. Benjamin Rush, Commodore 

 Decatur, Thomas Jefferson, and Lafayette. 

 His well-known picture of "Washington 

 Crossing the Delaware " is now in the posses- 

 sion of the Boston Museum. During a visit to 

 England in 1837-'38, he painted a full-length 

 portrait of Queen Victoria, esteemed a very 

 faithful likeness. His portraits of Fanny 

 Kemble and Mrs. Wood are also regarded as 



