SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



749 



possessing great merits. The school of art of 

 which Mr. Sully was the best American repre- 

 sentative has now given place to one less 

 conventional and artificial; but there was, 

 after all, a certain grandeur and stateliness 

 about his best portraits, which is lacking in 

 the modern school. For half a century he 

 occupied a house built for him in Philadelphia 

 by Stephen Girard, and which contained 

 rooms admirably adapted for a studio and 

 exhibition hall. He was the instructor of 

 Charles Robert Leslie, and outlived for many 

 years his distinguished pupil. 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY, two kingdoms 

 of Europe. Oscar II., King of Sweden and 

 Norway, born January 21, 1829, succeeded his 

 brother, Charles XV., on September 18, 1872. 

 King Oscar was married on June 6, 1857, to 

 Sophia, Princess of Nassau, born July 9, 1836. 

 The offspring of the union were four sons : 

 Gustavus, Duke of Wermland, born June 16, 

 1848 ; Oscar, Duke of Gottland, born Novem- 

 ber 15, 1859 ; Charles, Duke of Oestergotland, 

 born February 27, 1861 ; and Eugene, Duke of 

 Nerike, born August 1, 1865. The present 

 King is the third sovereign of the house of 

 Ponte Corvo, and grandson of General Berna- 

 dotte, Prince de Ponte Corvo, who was elected 

 heir-apparent of the crown of Sweden by the 

 Parliament of the kingdom, August 21, 1810, 

 and ascended the throne, February 5, 1818, 

 under the name of Charles XIV. The popula- 

 tion, on December 31, 1871, was as follows : 



Lan (Province). Population. 



Malmohora 318,786 



Christianstad 223,492 



Blekinge 126,935 



Halland 127,842 



Kronoberg 159,258 



Jonkoping 180,569 



Calmar . 234,597 



Gottland 54,237 



Goteborg and Bohus 233,689 



Elfsborg 280,454 



Skaraborg 245,691 



OestergOtknd 257,367 



Gotaland. . . 2,442,917 



Stockholm (city) 138,512 



Stockholm (Lan) 131,731 



Upsala... 



SSdermanland 136,977 



Vestmanland 115,695 



Orebro 169,319 



Wermland 281.716 



Kopparberg 176,946 



Swealand... .. 1,232,132 



Ge.fleborg 150,374 



Vesternorrland 136,939 



Jemtland 71,338 



Vesterbotten 93,154 



Norrbotten 77,323 



Non-land . 



Total 



4,204,177 



The population of the largest cities of Swe- 

 den was, in 1871, as follows : 



Stockholm 138,512 



Goteborg 57,360 



Malmo 26,426 



Norrkoping 24,916 



Carlscrona 16,234 



Gefle 14,712 



Upsala . 



11,705 



JSnkoping 11,254 



Lund 10,870 



The population of Norway, at the close of 

 1871, was 1,753,000. The largest towns had, 

 in 1870, the following population : 



Stavangcr 17,053 



Draminen 15,458 



Christiausand 11,468 



Christiania 



Bergen 



Drontheim 20,858 



The number of emigrants from Sweden was, 

 in 1867, 9,334; 1868, 27,024; 1869, 39,064; 



1870, 20,003. 



From Norway, from 1856 to 1865, about 

 54,000; 1866, 15,700; 1867, 13,200; 1868, 

 14,500; 1869, 18,100; 1870, 14,900; 1871, 

 12,300. 



In the budget of Sweden, for the year 1873, 

 the revenue is estimated at 47,669,400 rix dol- 

 lars ; the expenditures at 56,640,255 (including 

 extraordinary expenditures of 5,600,000 for 

 the construction of railroads, and 4,000,000 for 

 the defence of the country); the deficit at 

 8,970,855. The public debt, on December 31, 



1871, amounted to 86,600,000. The armed 

 forces of Sweden, not counting the volunteers, 

 consist of 99,578 infantry, 8,511 militia of 

 Gotland (which is not compelled by law to 

 serve beyond the confines of the isle of Got- 

 land), of 9,154 cavalry, of 7,984 artillery (with 

 234 guns), of 2,024 engineers, of 5,524 train : 

 total, 132,775 men. The 1 navy of Sweden con- 

 sisted, at the beginning of 1872, of 36 steamers 

 (carrying 147 guns), 15 sailing-vessels (190 

 guns), and 62 galleys (87 guns). 



The imports and exports of Sweden, in 1870, 

 were as follows (in rix dollars ; 1 rix dollar is 

 equal to $0.26) : 



The following table exhibits the movement 

 of Swedish shipping in 1870 : 



The commercial navy of Sweden numbered, 

 in 1870, 3,376 vessels, of a total burden of 

 107,808 lasts. The number of vessels regis- 

 tered for foreign trade was 1,463, of a total 

 burden of 84,882 lasts. The total length of 

 railroads open in 1871 was 1,846 kilometres ; 

 of telegraph-lines, 6,388 kilometres ; of tele- 

 graph-wires, 14,514 kilometres. 



The public revenue of Norway, in recent 

 years, was generally above the expenditures. 

 In 1870, the revenue was 5,233,900 specie da- 

 lers, the expenditures 4,997,400 specie dalers, 



* 1 last = 3.27 English tons. 



