TENNESSEE. 



757 



industries of the State. The iron-ore deposits 

 (banks and strata) are grouped, for the most 

 part, in three belts, or areas namely, the 

 eastern iron-belt running along the base of the 

 TJnaka chain, to the northeast into Virginia, 

 and to the southeast into Georgia; the dye- 

 stone belt, skirting the eastern base of the 

 Cumberland table-land, or of Walden's Eidge, 

 from Virginia to Georgia, spreading laterally 

 twenty miles into the valley of East Tennessee 

 on the one side and into the Sequatchie on the 

 other; the western iron-belt, lying west of 

 Nashville, or west of what is called the Central 

 Basin mainly between the latter and the 

 Tennessee River extending a few miles in 

 some counties, even west of the river, and 

 northward into Kentucky. In the eastern 

 belt, banks occur in all the counties. Johnson 

 and Carter contain many of them, some of 

 which are exceedingly valuable. In Greene 

 County there are very good banks. Two 

 large furnaces have been erected in this county 

 since the war, and are doing a large business. 

 The ore yields from 40 to 50 percent, of tough 

 gray iron. Liinonite, as has been stated, is 

 the principal ore of this belt. In addition to 

 this, the black ore of iron, magnetite of the 

 mineralogists, occurs at one point near the 

 North Carolina line, in Carter County. Much 

 excellent bar-iron has been manufactured from 

 it in a common bloomery. In Sullivan County, 

 in addition to the limonite banks, are veins 

 or banks of red ores, hematites. The Crocket 

 and Sharp banks afford this variety, and are 

 capable of supplying much good ore. In Mc- 

 Minn County is a remarkable deposit of strati- 

 fied red ore. This is Hill's bank. The ore is 

 a stratified, fossiliferous rock, much like the ore 

 of the Dye-stone belt. The main deposit is a 

 third of a mile or more in length, and at some 

 points fifty or sixty feet wide. It belongs to 

 the Trenton or Lebanon formation. 



The Dye-stone belt derives additional value 

 from, its close proximity to extensive coal-beds. 

 The western iron-belt includes the counties of 

 Lawrence, Wayne, Hardin, Lewis, Perry, De- 

 catur, Hickman, Humphreys, Benton, Dickson, 

 Montgomery, and Stewart. Over this whole 

 region more or less ore occurs, but only at 

 certain centres is it found in sufficient quantity 

 to be made available. These centres present 

 accumulations of ore, and are for that reason 

 called " banks." The ore, like that occurring 

 for the most part in the eastern iron-belt, is 

 limonite. The banks, too, though the kind 

 and the position of the rocks, the topography 

 of the country, and other circumstances, make 

 some difference, resemble those of the eastern 

 belt. In all these regions iron-furnaces are in 

 operation and are increasing in number. 



According to the census of 1871, of the total 

 population (890,872) ten years old and over, 

 there were engaged in all classes of occupa- 

 tions, 367,987 persons, of whom 322,585 were 

 males and 45,402 females. There were en- 

 gaged in agriculture, 267,020, including 247,- 



953 males and 19,067 females ; in professional 

 and personal services, 54,396, including 30,077 

 males and 24,319 females; in trade and trans- 

 portation, 17,510, including 17,417 males and 

 93 females ; in manufactures and mechanical 

 and mining industries, 26,061, including 27,168 

 males and 1,923 females. 



The State contained 6,843,278 acres of im- 

 proved land, 10,771,396 of woodland, and 

 1,966,540 of other unimproved land. The 

 cash value of farms was $218,743,747 ; of farm- 

 ing implements and machinery, $8,199,487; 

 total amount of wages paid during the year, 

 including value of board, $7,118,003; total 

 (estimated) value of all farm productions, in- 

 cluding betterments and additions to stock, 

 $86,472,847; orchard - products, $571,520; 

 produce of market-gardens, $301,093 ; forest- 

 products, $335,317; value of home manufac- 

 tures, $2,773,820; of animals slaughtered or 

 sold for slaughter, $15,856,880; of all live- 

 stock, $55,084,075. There were 247,254 

 horses, 102,983 mules and asses, 243,197 milch- 

 cows, 63,970 working-oxen, 336,520 other cat- 

 tle, 826,783 sheep, and 1,828,690 swine. The 

 chief productions were: 375,400 bushels of 

 spring, and 5,813,516 of winter, wheat, 223,- 

 335 of rye, 41,343,614 of Indian-corn, 4,513,- 

 315 of oats, 75,068 of barley, 77,437 of buck- 

 wheat, 3,399 pounds of rice, 21,465,452 of to- 

 bacco, 1,389,762 of wool, 181,842 bales of cot- 

 ton, 194,535 bushels of peas and beans, 1,124,- 

 337 of Irish, and 1,205,683 of sweet, potatoes, 

 15,778 gallons of wine, 9,571,069 pounds of 

 butter, 142,240 of cheese, 415,786 gallons of 

 milk sold, 116,582 tons of hay, 8,564 bushels of 

 clover-seed, 11,153 of grass-seed, 565 pounds 

 of hops, 1,033 of hemp, 80,930 of flax, 4,612 

 bushels of flax-seed, 1,410 hogsheads of cane, 

 and 134,968 pounds of maple, sugar, 3,269 

 gallons of cane, 1,254,701 gallons of sorghum, 

 and 4,843 of maple, molasses, 1,030,550 pounds 

 of honey, and 51,685 of wax. 



The total number of manufacturing establish- 

 ments was 5,317, using 732 steam-engines, of 

 18,467 horse-power, and 1,340 water-wheels, of 

 19,514 horse-power, and employing 19,412 

 hands, of whom 17,663 were males above six- 

 teen, 1,089 females above fifteen, and 660 

 youth. 



The total amount of capital invested was 

 $15,595,295 ; wages paid during the year, 

 $5,390,630 ; value of materials consumed, 

 $19,657,027; of products, $34,362,636. 



The whole number of newspapers and peri- 

 odicals was 91, having an aggregate circula- 

 tion of 225,152, and issuing annually 18,300,844 

 copies. There were 13 daily, with a circulation 

 of 34,630; 2 tri-weekly, circulation 2,300; 1 

 semi-weekly, circulation 1,000; 65 weekly, 

 circulation 117,022 ; 1 semi-monthly, circula- 

 tion 15,000 ; 8 monthly, circulation 54,200 ; 1 

 quarterly, circulation 1,800; 1 annual, circula- 

 tion 12,000. 



There were 3,505 libraries, having 802,112 

 volumes. Of these, 2,732, with 597,399 vol- 



