ABYSSINIA. 



Arab awl Barber tribe* between UM confines 

 of Morocco awl the TnaWan loader, and 

 ribjaii monarch from the narrow coast-line 



. : . . .... , - - : . 



art It we* nut until UM year 1883 that he 

 came in ooltWoa with the French troop*. Hi* 

 previous prosperity aad eaeeea* had, perhaps, 

 mad* Urn somewhat vaia. and, with that fiery 

 sJoaiiari which rendered the Arab* so frantic 

 in an hi* *ab*gaaat career, he began to preach 

 a holy war, and led a force of 10,000 cavalry 

 atalm Orea, at that time occupied by the 

 Franca under General Borer. The assault 

 was wjraeaad bloody, and it was not till the 

 taM day that AbdWl-Kader deckled to re- 

 treat with his broken aad demoralised troop*. 

 Thsacafcrward, far eleven years, he maintained 

 a conflict, with varying fortunes, with the 

 French troop*. Twice he made treaties of 

 peace w ith his foes, bat they were soon broken. 

 More than oaea be defeated them, and occa- 

 ry severe losses; but at length. 



I in between the victorious French and 

 de.erUdb.Thu alliee, and hi, 

 bravest warrior* slain or prisoners, he was 

 compelled to capitulate, on the condition that 

 beeboaU be allowed to go to Alexandria or Si. 

 Jean d' Acre. The French eoannander, Marshal 

 IbHiaal. Uatly broke faith with him, and he 

 1 at flrrt at Toulon, then in the for- 



trea ofl'.n. in UM Pyrenees, and final! y in the 

 Omasa d'Araboise, near Bloi*. After nine 

 year* of cnalneuiaat, be was liberate*! by Na- 

 poleua III., la December, IMS, on the occa- 

 aiom of UM prorUmation of the Empire. lie 

 immediately embarked for Hrouana. in Syria, 

 wbere be reaidsd until the earthquake of 18M 

 deetroyedtlMteitT. He then removed to Con- 

 sfaertmople. and In 1 MO eeUbliahed himself at 

 nimmcai. awl daring the Moody rioU of 1860 

 esalbited frret ktndnees U>wsr 

 and other Chriatiaaa of Syria. For his honor- 

 able awl tsaicoas coane at (hi* time, he re- 

 ceived from UM Fr*oeh Emperor the Grand 

 Oraa* of UM Lafiou of Honor. The French 

 OBTnms)l had paid him ranliriT an annual 

 tm*<* of 100,006 fraao - ftO.QOO. One of 

 Us datHtbUn beoame a Christian, and, al- 

 ihrnwh be hbwtlf died la UM faith of Islam, 

 yet tkwe are rtdeacei m Us really profound 

 awl able work, PnOosopliieo-RelMoM Med- 

 Ua*Joe^- or " A Call to tl.e Intell^ent; Ad- 

 flee u. UM InJinVrmt," that the influence of 

 CMatfM tboairht oa the min-l of this reflect- 



mm* mmWl J *_. -k*J.-k-l ,___ J ** 



^P mmW mVWUtmVITV COOUT DIM pfOQ OCM 4WBM 



e*W o. hi, attttade toward ChrUtlsnlty. He 

 bad bM lltln* since IMS. la Egypt, on a 



fivrnf, atace IMS, la Egypt; 

 trart of Ian4 pmented to Urn In 1*14 by 

 M Kfvdiaaad 4* Lianpa. wbere be had arect- 

 *4 a flna abatna. fie vbn>d Mecca, and 



ARTWIXIA. a rooatry in Eastern Africa; 

 **> abant l,ono a?anra mile* : noiialatloav 

 framttvaalalMvi 



which Abrssinia relapsed afttr the death of tlio 

 KiiijKjror Theodore, Las for the present pi\ i n 

 place to the consolidation of the rule of the new 

 Emperor Tekla Johannes, formerly 1'rime 

 Kasaa. The now ruler, who is of humble origin, 

 became first known a* a soldier in Theodore's 

 army, where be gradually rose to the dignity of 

 a didjat (general J, and governor of n province. 

 1'uring tbe latter part of Tln-odc.n-'s n-ign he 

 was like moat of the Abyssinian chiefs, a de- 

 fiant rebel against the authority of the Emperor. 

 According to some reports, he was for a time 

 a vassal to Gobazye, tin- I'rinre uf Ltista. Hut 

 this relation to Gobazye, if it ever existed, had 

 entirely ceased at the time of the English ei- 

 pxlitiou. Kasaa was at that time independent 

 prince of Tigrf , and regarded as such by the Eng- 

 lish. He was the only Abyssinian chief whose 

 fri.Tidj-hip was courted by the English, who 

 haughtily rejected the offers of all the other 



-, even those of Gobazye. When the victors 

 departed l'n<m tin- country, he received rich 



nts, and, what is of special importance 

 in Abyssinia, a large quantity of European fire- 

 arms of which the natives have an almost 

 superstitions fear. In the civil wars of Abys- 

 sinia, small bodies of troops supplied with fire- 

 arms generally prove superior to armies even 

 three times larger, it' they are tinned according 

 to ancient custom. When, then-lore, Theodore 

 l"-t his throne and his life, Knssa found him- 

 self in a very favorable position. He was not 

 the most powerful among the chiefs, for Go- 

 bazye, the Prince of Losto, took possession of 

 the whole of Anihara, the largest and most 

 important among the three divisions of the 

 country (Amhara, TigrP. and Shoa). and the 

 possession of which had long been looked upon 

 in Abyssinia as the sure road to the hi^U >t 

 dignity. Gobazye, indeed, following the lonp 

 -!icd rule, assumed under the name of 

 Tekla Girgis, the traditional title of the Al.vs- 

 sin'mn coven -i:in-. At-\e Negus Negus-iv I Km 



peror, Kit: -i. Kasea refuted to recog- 



nize the claim of Gobazye to the imperial 

 dignity, and as early as 1870 clearly shoved 

 that he himself aspired to the rule over all 



-inia. Gobazye at this time commanded 

 much larger resources than Kasaa, and was 

 more popular; but Kassa had the great advan- 

 tage of having a considerable number of Euro- 

 peans in his army, and of having kept his tire- 

 arms in good order by European nrtisans. 



' -\-\\v battle took place on July 11. 1871. 

 Kassa had an intrenched camp on a small hill 

 near Adowa, win-re he was encircled by the 

 cavalry of Gobazye. At the fourth onset, Go- 



fniA (IMH. ol. li.>. U chiefly hued on an article 



Yy llrinrl.'h Pirlhvrr Ton Miltuhn. ow of Iho bct n- 



IhorilltvoB Afrlrun ilfelt*. In the HUni^-hr 7..il:in, : |(>,.|,,. 



MiliMlin CJIIOK-.. a. (hr rlili-f ,oum- of hi" In- 



r^mllo. lh lnict> of the- i'<-(l (Jorman nalnmllct. Dr. 



hrtilmper ho h pnl nwirly whole We In Abyf "Inla. 



nil III) DTP. ,l Ailowi ; .ml BOM of Werner Mm 

 ltir|>lln Oi.vemor of Marx.wah and Snakln. T 



Hi- KoclUhm.n Klrkham. who In command.-r .,n- 

 Ka.i. inx.p. are regarded bj him at IMS 

 ireMwortbjr. 



