AGAS8IZ, LOUIS J. R. 



carry on a bloody and protracted war against 

 the i*lf k ir*^**. which at the end of the year 

 had not been brought to a eloee. (SttJuau** 

 and Aaaumv.) 



I : ..,....: - - ..... 



In coercing the Sultan of Zanzibar, in Eaatarn 

 Africa, to eondade a treaty by which the slave- 

 trade I* forbidden. In the northern portion 

 of Central Africa, a gradaal mppreauon of the 

 Ian trade, and aabeaqnently of slavery, is ex- 

 pected from the extension of Egyptian rule. 

 Bar Bam ail Baker r*praant*d It a* one of the 

 chief object* of hi* expedition. (Set X 

 UB.) 



In South Africa, the diamond and gold field* 

 ware Kill worked by Urge crowd* of digger*, 

 bat their operation* have not had any lasting 

 -.;, -. :. i .,...: 

 itriea. In the Orange Free State, 

 Brand, who ha* been at the bead of 

 thi* republic for ten year* and enjoy* a great 

 popularity, ha* been unanimously redacted for 



. . : . >...r- 



Bnltan Sidi Mohammed, of Morocco, who 

 died on September 18th, wa* anecaeded on the 

 throne by hu aon. The report that a war of 

 ante male* had broken oat between the ton 

 and the brother of the d*eaii, proved to be 

 at roe. 



'n the program of geographical explora- 

 Loa* 



u 



vJIZ. Lori* Jtix RODOLPHE, M. IX, 

 Ph. It. 8.. So, :ural 



Academy of Science*, Correspond inp Member 

 of the French Aeadamy of Science, etc.. 

 the moat emmant of modern adentiata, born in 

 the pariah of Mottiar, near Lake X. uf. 

 flwkmrkad. May 18. 1807; dleJ in ( 

 Mamx, December 14. 187*. His father, like 

 hie patamal aneaator* for *ix gener. 

 a Prntiataat clergyman, and paator of 1 1,.- par- 

 ish of SL-lmicr. Hi* mother, who w* the 

 ilanghtir of a phyrioian, superintended the 

 early education of bar eon, till he entered the 



to the medical eehooi of Zurich, and thence to 



the 



evated hi* medical and natural history * 



nder the moat eminent teacher* of Germany. 



amreof twenty he entered the Tnh 

 of Maaieh, and waa inmiatid with the nntu- 

 raMat DolBntar. under the tnatrootion of w n p- 

 lar.Okan, and Martina. Already he had be- 

 gan k> tarn away from the practice of medl- 

 da*, to which ha had bean destined by hi* 

 mother, to order to gire hi* whole attention 

 to nataral acienc, and had pnbllnhed several 

 aajomiiha an toptea of natural hi.tory: but 

 ha *M not gtra hhnaalf wholly t<> Mentinc 

 iu. antil ha wa* calM upn ' 

 Marttaa to compile for publication the 

 - -. ,.,.. n... ,1, s.i 

 to Braslt, which had then 

 to Germany. In 1^ 

 " f M " from the I 'i 

 eJty of Maaieh, and the earne year tba degree 



of I'll. I>. from the Univi-rMty of Erlni 



thif* time uUo. C'otta, the German K-'U-II- 

 titic pul'lihhi-r, furnishi'd him tl,c nifai 

 prep:, \atural HiMory i-t' tlic Kn--h- 



,>-s uf Kurope," which was imt pi.!,- 

 Uabed till 18>9-'4i>. This completed, he w. nt 

 t., \ icnna, and there, mid in l'ari>, oi-ciipii-d 

 the next seven years in the >;.,<! i :' tht- : 

 ti*be* <( the l>an>it>e. In I'aris. hi- 1 

 the irii-nd ns well as the favorite ]mpil of 

 I'uvier ami Humholdt, both of whom rendered 

 him liberal aid in his Mu<!u>; and he was also 

 associated in his ii - ith (hvi-n, 



the Kuplish scienti.-t, Mihic-Kdwiirds. a ilistin- 

 gnisheil French zoologist, and Mmlolph \\ asr- 

 ner and Johannes MQlK-r. (ierman jih\ -i,'! 



arning. Aganiz has Ln-n justly re- 

 garded as the foiimler of the sc'u n, 

 ichthyulop\ ; ami its iK-vcl<ipiiu-nt was i.l 

 suhly dtii- ti> his (ireat work oil t'o>>il i 

 which he wan enabled to pohfiab throogh the 

 liberality of Baron von Humboldt. This work, 

 puhlished at KenlVhatel, 1834-'44, is in five 

 volumes. 4to. with nn atlas of nearly 400 folio 

 plates, in which 1.000 species were- wholly, 

 and Tim more partially, figured and descrihed. 

 It was while enpaped on this pruit work. :,ml 

 dnrintr his vacations, which were spi lit in the 

 Alps, that he first formed that theory of the; 

 (.liiciers, which thirty-seven years of n 

 quern study and explorations only served : 

 liilly to expand and develop. This theory, . 

 the most violent opposition, hns finally come 

 to In- accepted by most (.-colonists, not only as 

 a scientific fact, lint as the Imsis of further 

 ^eiiln^ii-:d dednetkmaof graal ini]iort:nice. To 

 show the tliorinijrhne-f of hi* n-March. - 

 lore m:ikinj: his tirst pnldicntinn <;n thi- 

 jcct, it may he remarked that, previous to 1687, 

 when he published his first " Etudtn nir let 

 (llitrirrr,'' he I Mimmors ii[ en 



the glacier of the Aar. S.IIHI f, . I aLoM- ll.i- 

 level of the sea, and t trom any 



liutnnn habitiitinn. It was not till 1847 that 

 he published his preat work on this s\r 

 tin- " Syiiltiit aliiriirr,'' and his lonp jour- 

 ney* and voyages, circnmnavipatiiif; tl,. 

 tire ' ' oiitim-nt. have only continmd 



more fully the positions maintained in that 

 work. In is::-.', nt the ace of twenty-five, he 

 had heen appoint, d Professor nf Natural llis- 

 t..ry at Neiifchatel, and he r, taineil this pro- 

 natonhip until ls40. though jiroseculini: in 

 with it his stndi,., on fo^ils Mid 

 fl.-u-ier. llaviiiL' coiupletrd his preat work on 



tb tin- lienrty aiwist.-r 



frien. ,| Vo)jt. w ho were also profess- 



or in thel'niv.Tsity of Xnifehatel. hi- tuin.d 

 hi* attention to the mollu-, ., mnl the echino- 

 dermn. and puhlished several imjiortant mono- 

 (rraph in relation to the livinjr and fossil species 

 '! r. At the ape of thirty, he was 

 n member of nenrly every scientific society in 

 :-. ami had received the degree of LL. 1>. 

 from the 1'niversities of Kdinburph an.l Iiuh- 

 lin. In 1848 Prof. Apjissiz came to the Tinted 



