14 



AGRICULTURE. 



with era-yard manure, liberalir applied, and 

 three with artificial manure*, vit, ammonia 

 M!U applied In the autumn, ammonia aalta 

 led in the spring, and nitrate of soda ap- 

 I In UM apriag. The year 1873 was the 

 I unfavorable of the last eleven for wheat, 

 but the average of eleven yean was : for land 

 not manured, and growing wheat continuous- 

 ly for twenty-two yean, IS* boabela, of 01 

 pound* to UM bnabel ; of the plot manured 

 with farmyard manure, which had abo grown 

 wheat continuously for the aame length of 

 time, M bnabeb per acre ; and for the three 

 Biota treated with artificial manure*, 84 

 Usfcala, tt boaheU, and 41| bushel* per acre. 

 The average of twenty-two yean waa, in the 

 SMM order, 14* bnahela, 16} bushels, 844. 

 bnabala, 7j bnabek and IT bnsbels; and the 

 Man average of the five plot* which might i e 

 regarded aa representing good and bad culture, 

 .> twenty-two yean, was 2*4 bushels. If 

 UM nrsaant slovenly, careless, and imp. 

 eolUvation of wheat b continued, It is easy to 

 calculate UM time, not far distant, when e 

 haQ not only have no wheat to export, but 

 snail be ourselves compelled to import our 

 grain from some country which better nn- 

 denUnds the laws of its production. Mr. 

 Levee's experiment* seen to indicate that the 

 nitrate ofsuda applied in the *pring is the best 

 and sorest manure for this grain ; that am- 

 monia aalta applied in the rpring are next in 

 valve, and that ammonia sails applied in the 

 tall are not quite so good in a moist climate 

 like that of Great Britain, taking the average of 

 twenty-two yean, as farm-yard manure. The 

 Japanese have grown cereals on the same 

 land* for nwre than 2,000 yean, and their 

 ytsid per acre b to-day larger than ours! 

 They hare done this by feeding the soil con- 

 stantly with aammonlaeal salts. The subject 

 of farest-enhmre, and of the necessity of not 

 -'- r. . ^ ! 



(real attention during the year 1R73. An in- 

 ternational congress of land and forest cnltur- 

 ist* was bald In Vienna during the Exposition, 

 and UM whole subject discussed very tl,,r 

 i all its bearings. A " Trans-Missouri 

 I 'rioiin* Convention met at Denver, October 

 and tneidenuQy diaennwd the subject of 



l^HllCMMi SUM! SB*******! MAffkASM ^ ABU *- J 

 r^HHlMHWi BaVn nWTTTnW pnWvn WVTV FMNI 



ipafl 



L at UM openlnx of the Amer- 

 i for the Advancement of 

 Portland. Me. Some eminent 

 _ a are inclined todoabt wl 

 UM cuUng off of th timber of a mountainous 

 latrtrt lenda to ita beeoming dry and barren ; 



and UMS* observed In regard to our own 

 *Mi In be conducive on this point ; 

 ' CM be n<> question that the en- 



nemint of foreat-growth \>j planting 



, . 



j 

 the tre*be> 



t In many ways to 

 and bare bill, of the trW 

 la t hi* connection, a discov- 



ery recently made is of considerable int. 

 The Eiualyptut globulin, an Australian tr 

 rapid growth, and which attains a (-' ri at M.-.-. 

 has been found to possess the renuiknUe 

 property of absorbing and removing malaria 

 fruui any district in which it grows. Planted 

 in considerable numbers by the side of a 

 swamp, even in semi-tropical regions, it drains 

 the swamp in a short time, and renders the 

 region i>i-nWt!v healthy. The bark of tin- 

 tree is said to be a good substitute for <|iiiniiu-. 

 :ree is hardy, and will prow anywhere in 



mpcraio zone, though it prefers wet situ- 

 ations. 



A national association of swinc-brcedcrs, 

 having in view tho preparation of a n.'>:iMry 

 of breeds of swine, with their origin, history, 

 and characteristics, was organized in 1872, and 

 has held two or three conventions since that 

 time, and has done much for the furtherance 

 of its purposes. At their convention in In- 

 dianapolis, reports were mode in regard to the 

 following Aim-rirnii 1. reeds (or, perhaps it 

 would be more correct to say, louml.ition of 

 future breeds), viz.: the J'ultiiiJ-Cfiina or 

 Jfayif, the Chester White. Victoria, Cheshire, 

 Jersey Ked, and Iuroc. The first of tl,. 

 tho favorite bog of the best \\ cshrn breeders, 

 and is tbo result of numerous and judicious 

 crossings of the China hog with the Rnssinn, 

 Byfleld, Berkshire, und Irish (irazicr breeds 

 and with half-breed animals from one or other 

 utt l.esc stocks. There has been no new cross- 

 ing attempted for tbo last thirty-scun or 

 thirty-eight years; but, by selecting tho best 

 specimens to brcul from, the l.md has become 

 eatablislied as possessing the most desirable 

 points for making the best pork. The follow- 

 ing description is said to embody the charac- 

 t. rUtir* of the tiinr spi rimeiis of this bre< <l : 



have good length, short legs, broad, 

 straight backs, i - flunking well down 



on the leg, very broad, full, square hams and 

 shoulders, drooping ears, short heads, wide 

 between the eyes, of spotted or dark color, arc 

 hardy, vigorous, and prolific, and when fat are 

 perfect models all over, pretinineiitly combining 

 the excellence* of both large and mail l>r< -. 

 Tho Chrtter White* arc a well-known breed. 

 possessing many desirable poinU, fattening 

 easily, and making very fine hams. They origi- 

 nated in Chester County, Pa. The VMoriat 

 arc t 1 of <-rosses of the Hyfield with 



tho native hogs, and the progeny of these with 

 the Yorkshire and Suffolk. They are ].nre 

 white, and they have a thick coat of soft, line 

 hair. The ears are erect, and they have many 



nt points, one of the best being tbo 

 readiness with which they can he fattened. 

 The Chrttiin* originated in Jefferson County, 



York. They cannot lie traced to any 

 dMinct imported stock, but by careful mid 

 jodidom -< lu-tion mid breeding'have attained 

 a very high reputation for excellence. They 

 are pure white, with scanty hair and a ptok- 

 -'^in. Tlie flesh is very finc-grnined. the 



