AMKK1CA. 



i naral hip. Tornado, on tbe Slit of Oc- 

 ._ at tbe steamer Virginiw, conveying a 

 fctw from tbe United 8taU to the Ulu. 

 fob. with a botU intent. This aflsir was *ub- 

 niissallj sillail il between the two G<> 

 (* The award of 115,600,000, decided by 

 tbe raoTMtion mt Geneva to be paid \>j ' 



to the United States, was duly settled 

 to the term*. In Louisiana much 

 existed agaiiut tbe Stat govi-rniui nt 

 as if It wen not lecally constituted, and the 

 prssinei of Federal troops in New Orleans 

 MM prevented a conflict among the citizens. 

 Tbe rapid organization of "Granges- in 

 one of the Western and Southern State* has 

 Dee* resnarisble These are assocUtions 

 composed chiefly at sgricultnrUU, who thus 

 natihn, avowedly, to obtain relief from the 

 smlsiiassniinti which attend the transporta- 

 tiuft of acricultural products to an Eastern 

 market. Political evil* are also inade i:..- 

 sabjeet of protest by them. The number ..: 

 tb*e association* reached during tin- \<ar 

 Marly IO,OoO, and their political influence 

 was felt and seen at the elections in several 

 Sutea. The yellow fever visited with great 

 fatality the cities of Nashville, Memphis, and 



tbe Central and South American 

 , there it scarcely one that has not to 

 its revolution*. Political turmoils 

 have almost incessantly di-turb.d the puhlic 

 peace in Guatemala and lloiuluriui. The 

 oW and vued question of boundaries has 

 I with no little warmth by the 



of Nicaragua and Costa I'.ica. 

 Tbe Colombian States of Panama, Magdalena. 

 Bolivar, Tolima, and Cauca, have hi-en the 

 of grave dUturbanccs. Shortly before 

 snumint of the vear, a conspiracy 

 t the life of President Sanniento was dis- 

 tn time to be frustrated ; and in the 

 i of the year several rebellions were sup- 

 1. The rebel chief, Jordan, bss re- 

 to Entre-Rioa, in the Argentine Re 

 Mblkc ; and that and some of the other prov- 

 bees were declared by the President to be in 

 a state of tiqn. The condition of things in 

 Paratraay appear* still to be gloomy in the ex- 

 tress*. A rvTolation, beaded by one Caballo- 

 r* deBed all tb* |M>wen of tlie (invernment 

 to ssjpffvw it ; and the latter, it was affirmed, 

 iMtisiniUliii appealing for a Brazilian protec- 



I. .pite. however, of the 







Well womU appear to be iMrh 



....... 



Sooth AsMriea. a s*oersl and 



;no 



cal *ytms of 



-- i *)! m> <! steady march 

 onward it distinctly observable in the various 

 refMbOes and Brazil. In the matter of na- 

 * *w example, a comparison of 

 Bo** Amtrlran Indebtedness to Great Brit- 

 ate with thai of some of tbe European nation* 

 etaswfy MMrita In favor of tbe forn. 

 of a natavs to ralm the spprhc...ion of the 

 Am* those countrie. 



where securities have yielded handsome re- 

 turns upon investments may he emiinerutul 



i!. tho Argentine llijmlilic, C'hili, Peru. 

 and Uraguay, ull of which meet their ohlipi- 

 tiuns with "a ]iiinetu:ility heymul i. ]! 

 Some of 1 !,e minor Mate- have ha<l ti 

 againist formiilahle currents of politic:.! 

 financial dilliciilty ; hut few have tai!i(l t. 

 tain their credit, iu! not one hns ul^<>lutely re- 

 pudiated its lial'ilities. As a natural re.-ult of 

 tin- niutlerntioli in expenditure just alluded to, 

 South American states lire free to apply their 

 means to the development of their natural 

 resources; railways are rapidly multiplying 

 in every direction ; the grand rivers are 

 thrown open to navigation hy steam, and 

 untiring energy is exerted in making iiew 

 highwuys in districts where the introduc- 



.'I tin- locomotive would 1-e iti;]n s.-ible, 

 or would at all events be attended wit 

 enormous outlay of c:ipii:il. Social re'orm is 

 ever.Mvl.ere visible; religious independence 

 and liberty, and individual security, are now 

 no long r mere mntv .hition in many 



of the countries; nnd in all of them the cause 

 of public instruction is the ol>j< < ; of .-pccial 

 efforts on the part of UM Government. In 

 lirazil and in many of the Spanit-h-Ameriean 

 states bus been agitated th. rtant 



question of -eparation of Church nd state, 

 and the problem has been definitively resolved 

 in Mexico in the course of il < year. Two 

 other reforms have been accomplished in the 

 republic just mentioned : the abolition of 

 peonage lias at la-t 1 n obtained, nnd indi- 

 vidual freedom is now secured to oil classes 

 of the community. 



"ml of the countries were visited by 

 epidemics of various kinds ; yellow fcwr was 

 illy prevalent in lirazil from January to 

 May ; and the number of deaths was unusually- 

 great at Rio Janeiro. The character of tho 

 disease was also remarkably malignant at tho 

 port of Vera Cruz, in Mexico. The appear- 

 ance at Buenos Ayres of a distemper some- 

 what resembling yellow fevir alarmed the 



us, and filled them with apprehensions 

 !' the return of the terrible malady which 

 spread so much desolation in their miil-t in 

 1--71. The small-pox raged in Peru; in Chili, 

 where it had been particularly latal the \. ar 

 before, and attended with liii'iuorrh.- 

 plications, it gradually disappeared, giving 

 place to erysipelas, the latter having prevailed 

 in an ciiih-mic form through the months of 



April, May, June, July, and . 



Hy virtue of a treaty of limitation concluded 

 between the Argentine and Paraguayan 

 Governments, the Kio I'ilcomayo i^ fixed" as 

 the boundary of the two republics in the Cnm 

 Chnco. This arrangement secured to the 

 An;. ii!itn s the lower portion of the Chnco 

 much coveted by them; to tin Paraguayans 

 it (rives the northern bank from tin ! 

 up tn 22 south; and finally to Bolivia it facfli- 

 tales access to the rivers. Negotiations be- 



