AMES, OAKES. 



ANGLICAN CHUKCHES. 



21 



tween the Argentine and Chilian Republics 

 concerning the claims of botli to Patagonia 

 had not yet been brought to a termination. 

 Extradition treaties were concluded between 

 some of the South American and European 

 states, notably one between Brazil and Bel- 

 gium. Peru sent an embassy to Japan and 

 China, partly with a view to treaties of amity, 

 commerce, and navigation, but especially to 

 settle the coolie question. Determined steps 

 were taken in the same republic to promote 

 European immigration, and gradually put an 

 end to the introduction of coolies. Energetic 

 movements were on foot in some of the 

 Central American states toward the final 

 ii-hment of the Central American Con- 

 federation. The question of boundaries be- 

 tween Chili and Bolivia has been settled, and 

 the northern limit of Chili fixed 24 south. 

 Early in January the town of San Vicente in 

 San Salvador, with 10,000 inhabitants, was de- 

 stroyed by an earthquake, and the city of 

 San Salvador was laid in ruins by another 

 earthquake, on the 19th of March. The loss of 

 life and property was considerable; and a 

 number of persons became insane by reason of 

 the disaster. 



AMES, OAKES, a Massachusetts manufact- 

 urer, railroad-builder, member of Congress, 

 and financial operator, born in Easton, Mass., 

 in 1804; died in North Easton, formerly a 

 part of the same town. May 8, 1873. lie 

 was the elder son of Oliver Ames, a bhu'k- 

 smith of the town of Easton, who founded the 

 Ames manufactory of shovels and picks, to 

 which were subsequently added ploughs and 

 other agricultural implements. Oakes obtained 

 liis eduration in the public schools, and then 

 entered his father's workshops, and, Laving 

 made himself practically familiar with every 

 step of the manufacture, was taken into part- 

 nership by his father, as was his brother Oliver 

 a few years later. Oakes Ames had a specula- 

 tive disposition, and was willing to run risks 

 with the prospect of large gains. When gold 

 was discovered in California, ho sold largely 

 to California merchants and adventurers, and 

 took risks in the prospective yield of the mines. 

 Eventually the losses of the firm by the failure 

 of California merchants and dealers were 

 nbont $1.000,000; but the house of Oliver 

 Ames & Sons \ra* so strong that they were 

 not crippled by. this heavy loss, and their 

 great trade in Australia a few years later more 

 than made good their previous losses. At the 

 bfi'iniiing of the late civil war the firm were 

 worth about $4,000,000, and the vast demand 

 for their wares for the use of the army soon 

 doubled their wealth. In 1861 Oakes Ames 

 was called into the Executive Council of the 

 State by Governor Andrew. It was the first 

 public, office ho had ever held. In the autumn 

 of 18fi2 he was elected to Congress from the 

 second Mas-nrlniK-tts district, and reflected in 

 1884, 18156, 1868, and 1870, each time with a 

 large majority. He rarely made a speech in 



Congress; was not on important committees; 

 but his large wealth, his great business ex- 

 perience, and his sturdy common-sense, made 

 him a valuable working representative. He 

 and his brother early took a large interest in 

 the Union Pacific Railroad, and Oliver took a 

 contract for the building of the greater part 

 of the Eastern section of the road, which 

 contract he transferred to a corporation called 

 the "Credit Mobilier of America," of which 

 Oakes Ames was one of the largest stock- 

 holders. The history of this corporation is 

 elsewhere related, and need not be recapit- 

 ulated here. Suffice it to say that in the 

 sale of its stock by Oakes Ames, with the im- 

 plied compact for favorable legislation when 

 needed, on the part of those who were the 

 recipients of a portion of its enormous profits, 

 and the subsequent exposure of these trans- 

 actions in the last session of the Forty-second 

 Congress, many hitherto unblemished reputa- 

 tions were sadly blighted. Mr. Ames and Mr. 

 James Brooks, of New York, were censured 

 by the vote of the House of Representatives. 

 The Ames brothers failed in 1870, their liabili- 

 ties being about $8,500,000, but a satisfactory 

 settlement was made with their creditors, and 

 at his death Oakes Ames was said to be worth 

 between $5,000,000 and $6,000,000. 



ANGLICAN CHURCHES.* The Anglican 

 Churches embraced in 1872 the following 

 number of dioceses : 



O.untri.i 



England and Wales (including 2 archbishops). 28 

 N-'.tlunild primus) ........................... 7 



Ireland (2 archbishops) ........................ 12 



Gibraltar ...................................... 1 



British India .................................. 5 



China ......................................... J 



l'ni!*ilem ..................................... 1 



Western Africa ................................ t 



South Africa (1 metropolitan) ................. 8 



\\v-t Indlci* ................................... 4 



Sonth America ................................ 2 



Aintraliad metropolitan) ..................... 10 



New Zealand .................................. 6 



British North America (1 metropolitan) ....... 10 



Honolulu ...................................... 1 



Melanesia .......................... , ......... 1 



United Status of America (and Its missions)... 49 



According to the official census of 1871, the 



fopnlation connected with the "Church of 

 rcland " was 683,295, against 698,357 in 1861. 

 It was divided among the four provinces as 

 follows: Connaught, 86,345; Munster, 77,366; 

 Leinster, 170,879; Ulster, 398,705. In Eng- 

 land and Scotland no religions census was 

 taken in 1871 ; if the estimates made by Raven- 

 stein (" Denominational Statistics of England 

 and Wales," London, 1870), for 1866, are cor- 

 rect, the population connected with the An- 

 glican Church in 1871 was 17,781,000 in Eng- 

 land, and 73.000 in Scotland. T. Martin, in the 

 " Statesmen's Year-book for 1873," estimated 

 the population of England and Wales, claiming 

 membership with the Established ChurcL, as 

 only about 12,700,000. It appears, however, 

 from a careful enumeration made in 1872. that, 



See PBOTESIAST EPISCOPAL CHOBCH. 



