M 





ASTRONOMICAL I'HKXOMKNA. 



BT rarther reatsunee of the khanates of Toor- 

 kbttt la mom highly improbable. Another re- 

 lt of tui campaign was the extin. -ti..n ( 

 ei.r.ry in Khira, oo which Russia insisted 

 W a condition of pew* (ft* Kmr A and TOOB- 

 EIVTAX). 



IN no BMM to niBasssfal M the expedition 

 oT the KnwUM again.t Khiva was that of the 

 Dutch agaiiut the Suit-in of Acheen, npoo the 

 - III.M r. At England, b.T the treaty 

 of 1N71. had withdrawn her former opposition 

 to the exteuioa of Dutch rale over the whole 

 Ulsad of Sumatra, the Netherlands belierud 

 the time to hare come when tliey might estab- 

 lith their aaoendeney orer t!,. .. i.i.-h 



thai far hare maintained their independence, 

 and among which the sultanate of Achecn is 

 by far the moet powerful The tint campaign. 

 la April, 1S7I, wat a total failure; second 



'one of the rear, 

 1 tlio I Mitch avowed 

 liing, if successful, a 



of the political di 



OB a much larger 



their inteation ol 



protectorate orer 



The area and \ 



riaiontuf Atia were, in 1873, as follows: 



is.tf4.ew o. 



At the beginning of the rear 1873 the Chl- 

 -niiHMit iK-cvtili-.l in putting an . -nd 

 to UtadpeBdeM empire which the I'.intlm vs. 

 or Mohammcdaa rebels, ha-l eetablinh-'l in il,.- 

 Mlhweetera prorinee of Yunnan. The oap- 

 lul. Talifu, was captore.1. a terrible maneaere 

 ado amo the Mohammedan pnmilati..,,, 

 M4 the Heltan, Soleiinan. himm-lf kill.-.! 

 the other bawl, it doe* not np,>ar t Imt any 

 MOffresa lias bee* made by China in reoover- 

 w the large territoriee which she hiu lost 

 in the northwmt. The empire of Yakoob 

 Kwhbsi who now mica orer whit was for- 

 railed Chta<>> Tonrkietan. nppoars to 

 eatidated. and bagm* to enter into <-..m- 

 l and diplomatie relation, with the Roe- 

 U- Md fcaxliah authoritle. in Asia (* 



fh Jowraey of the Shah of Persia U> all the 

 of Bwoo, in order to become person- 



ally acquainted with the aspects of Kiirj>.'.-in 

 civilization, has produced an immense s< 

 tion in IM* i-tii|'i!v. as it was tli<> lir-t iinu- in 

 the history of tlii- country that it* ruler had 

 left, its bonlers for such a purpose, as t In- 

 most desperate opposition of the Mtiliaimm- 

 dan priosU had to be overcome. "I'll.- Sliah 

 appears to be fully dvU mimed to introduce a 

 number of reforms; but a convriition n in- 

 cluded with Huron Ki-uti-r, of London, tor the. 

 purpose of giving to 1'ersia a net-work of rail- 

 road*, was, toward the close of the year, an- 

 nulled (JM PUSIA). 



The most progressive among, the native 

 states in Asia is Japan. The zeal <li-p!.-i\ i-d 

 by the government, in obtaining an accurate 

 knowledge of the political, social, and literary 

 condition of all the countries of the globe, and 

 in introducing sweeping reforms, in onU-r t.) 

 elevate the country to a level with tin- mo-t 

 advanced nations, is without parallel in mod- 

 ern hi.-tory. Though this sudden transition of 

 a large country to an entirely different form of 

 society could not be expected to be free from 

 disturbances, it ha- thus far advanced without 

 interruption, and its main results appear to be 

 fully secured (*te JAPAN I. 



Itritish India, as tlio censns of 1871 shows, 

 is rapidly increasing in population, and the 

 prngre-s of commerce and general prosperity 

 is keeping pace witli that of population. The 

 censns shows that the. most daiiirfrous ele- 

 ment of tlio native population, the Moham- 

 mcd.T m numerous than lias hereto- 



fore he,-n supposed; the year 1*7:1 has. how- 

 ever, been unusiirdly free from fanatical out- 

 breaks. In the difficulty between Persia and 

 Afghnnistnn. Knglish arbitration was accepted 

 (tM INDIA i. 



Tin- Imam of Muscat, in Arabia, yield. <!, 

 like his brother, the Sultan of Zanzibar (fie 

 AKIMCA). to the pressure brought upon him liv 

 Knglish <li|ilomacy, and promised the abolition 

 of the slnve-trnde. 



n;o\(.Mic.\r. IMIKVOMKNA AND 



PROGRESS. /'/ ( ..f w /r.r/.Av ,>f Snvthfrn Sr,, r 

 ' /. I'rof. ('. S.'Srllark. ',A' the Cnivi-rsity 

 of Cordova. South America, rejiorts to the 

 Amrriean Journal of Scienrt the intere-sfin^ 

 result of his efforts in the photographing of 

 southern tar-cln-trrs, employing the method 

 of Mr. liiitherfur.l, of \,., v Y/.rk.' This method 

 is as follows: After an exposure of the photo- 

 graphic plate for some minutes, the telescope, 

 which is driven by a good clock-work, is moved 

 to another position by the ntar motion, and a 

 second exposure is made; then the t.-l. - 

 is itoppcd and an exposure made so that we 

 image of the central star, while nm\ inir out of 

 the field, leaves a trail. The imaires of the 

 beini; doul.le, the recognitinn and ilis- 

 crimin.'itioii from -pecks produced by imposi- 

 tion of the plat* are much facilitated; the 

 trail neems to fix a direction for the in 

 of p..-ilii,n ,,n the |.!atr I'rof. Sellack Used 



for the work a photographic refractor of about 





