AUSTRO-HUNGARIAX MONARCHY. 



53 



The First Danube Steam-Navigation Com- 

 pany had, in 1871, 154 steamers and 552 

 towing- boats: income, 10,900,000 florins; ex- 

 penditures, 12,100,000 florins. The Steam- 

 Xavigation Company of the Austrian Lloyds 

 had, in 1871, 66 steamers : income, 10,800,000 

 florins; expenditures, 9,600,000 florins. 



The Greek Oriental Church of cis-Leithan 

 Austria had hitherto no archbishop, while 

 in the territory of the Hungarian crown there 

 was one for the Roumanian nation (Hermann- 

 stadt), and one for the Servians (Carlovitz). 

 In order to complete the organization of this 

 church in the districts represented in the 

 Eeichsrath, the Austrian Government erected, 

 in January, 1873, the Greek bishopric of 

 Czernowitz in the Bukowina into an archbish- 

 opric, to which henceforth the Greek Church 

 in cis-Leithan Austria is subordinate. The 

 Greek Oriental Church has, besides the arch- 

 bishop, 2 bishops (both in Dalmatia), 316 par- 

 ishes, and 14 convents, and 2 theological in- 

 stitutions at Czernowitz and at Zara, in Dal- 

 matia. The Roman Catholic Church has 7 

 arc-hhUhops of the Latin rite, 1 of the Greek, 

 and 1 of the Armenian, 25 bishops of the Latin 

 and 1 of the Greek rite, 6,567 parishes of the 

 Latin and Armenian, and 1,427 of the Greek 

 rite; 463 convents and houses of male, and 

 290 of female orders. The most numerous 

 among the male orders are: the Franciscans 

 (110 houses); Capuchins, 83 ; Dominicans, 35 ; 

 Minorites. 31; Piarists, 29; Benedictines, 19; 

 Regular Canons (Augustinians), 17; Brothers 

 of Mercy, Bernhardines, and Jesuits, each 16. 

 Among the female orders, the most numerous 

 are the Sisters of Charity (102 houses') ; the 

 Franciscan Tertiarians, 33 ; the School Sisters, 

 49 ; the Benedictines, 17. 



The system of public schools is in course of 

 reconstruction, on the basis of the law of May 

 14, 1869. The duty of erecting Vollcstchulen 

 devolves on the communes. All children have 

 to attend school from their sixth to their four- 

 teenth year. During the year 1870-'71, there 

 were 46 Burgerschnlen and 13,769 Volks- 

 schulen; in all, 13,815 public schools. With 

 regard to the language used in schools, 6,040 

 wen; German, 5,495 Slavic, 1,007 Italian, 1,248 

 mixed, and 25 others. The number of Kinder- 

 garten connected with the schools was 53. The 

 number of children of school-age was 1,287,803 

 boys and 1,295,375 girls of an age from six to 

 twelve, and 413,197 boys and 413,725 girls of an 

 age from twelve to fourteen. The number of 

 attendants was, at the Burgerschulen, 9,757 

 boys and 4,377 girls, at the Volksschulen, 

 932,740 boys and 873,836 girls. The number 

 of gymnasia (colleges) in 1873 was 93, with 

 24,429 pupils (among whom were 9,658 Ger- 

 mans, 5,394 Czechs, 5,239 Poles, 1,502 Rnthe- 

 nes, l.ii'i.") Servians, Croats, and Slovenes; 

 there were besides 47 Realgymnasia, with 7,042 

 pupils find (S3 liealschnlen, with 18,349 pupils; 

 43 commercial academies and schools, with 849 

 teachers and 7,000 pupils. The universities of 



Austria had, during the winter of 1872-'73, 

 the following number of professors and stu- 

 dents : 



The list of societies in 1871 embraced 462 

 stock-companies, 703 singing-societies, 50 so- 

 cieties for the promotion of commerce and 

 industry, 18 art-unions, 270 agricultural so- 

 cieties, 138 musical societies, 473 political 

 societies, 219 Schutzen-companies, and 294 

 Turnvereine, 146 literary, and 524 charitable 

 societies; total number of societies reported, 

 8,999. The number of savings-banks in 1871 

 was 211, the number of depositors, 1,027,048; 

 the total amount of deposits, 341,137,380 

 florins. 



The Austrian Eeichsrath, which had ad- 

 journed on December 20, 1872, again assem- 

 bled on January 15, 1873. The most impor- 

 tant work of the session was the discussion of 

 the law on electoral reform which the Govern- 

 ment had promised to introduce.* The con- 

 sent of the Emperor to the ministerial draft was 

 given on February 10th ; on February 14th the 

 draft was distributed among the members of 

 the Eeichsrath, and on March 4th the Com- 

 mittee on the Constitution made its report. 

 The Liberal majority of the Reichsrath, all the 

 time fearing that reactionary influences might 

 again prevail at court, and at the last moment 

 dispose the Emperor against the reform, con- 

 cluded to hasten, as much as possible, the 

 adoption of the ministerial draft. Although 

 the Committee on the Constitution, in whose 

 name the most prominent leader of the Liberal 

 majority, Dr. Herbst, had drawn up the report, 

 desired to improve the Government bill by a 

 number of amendments, they thought it safer 

 to secure for the present a sympathizing min- 

 istry, and therefore fully concurred in the bill, 

 with the insignificant exception of raising the 

 future number of members of the Reichsrath 

 from 351 to 353. The vote on the bill was 

 taken on March 6th. As the Czechic Federal- 

 ists from Bohemia and Moravia had not taken 

 part at all in the work of the Reichsrath, and 

 the deputies of the Catholic party from Ger- 

 man Tyrol had laid down their ultimatum, the 

 opposition to the ministry was chiefly limited 

 to the Polishd eputies. The efforts to concili- 

 ate them by compromises had failed. After 

 a declaration from their leader, Grocholski, 

 they left the hall before the vote, and the elec- 

 toral reform was carried by all against two 

 votes. It was agreeably noticed that several 

 deputies of Galicia, and all of Dalmatia, voted 

 with the majority. The Herrenhaus likewise 



* The principal featnreg of the law proposed by tbe 

 Government are mentioned in the AMERICAN ANNUAL 

 CYCLOPAEDIA for 1872, p. 51. 



