BONAPARTE, CHARLES L. N. 



69 



by political effervescence of a grave character. 

 The candidates were: Adolfo Ballivian, Casi- 

 miro Corral, Quintin Quevedo, and Jos6 M. 

 Randon. Ballivian was elected by a majority 

 of 1,200 votes. 



Meantime the mineral wealth of the country, 

 which, during Spanish supremacy in South 

 America, poured into the treasury of Madrid 

 the registered amount of $2,000,000,000, is 

 likely to sink into comparative insignificance 

 before that of the Caracoles silver-mines, dis- 

 covered within a few years. The average 

 daily yield U stated to reach 1,000 quintals, 

 with a mean standard of one hundred marks 

 per box. The railway from these mines to the 

 port of Mejillones is rapidly progressing. 



The route from Mollendo, via, Arequipa and 

 Puno, to La Paz, is about 4CO miles. The cul- 

 minating point of this line is 14,606 feet above 

 the level of the sea. The time from Mollendo 

 to La Paz is about five days, and a quintal of 

 freight will cost eight soles. First-class pas- 

 sengers will pay thirty-two soles ; second-class, 

 eighteen soles. But what is that cost, com- 

 pared to the onerous freights unavoidable with 

 the old system of mnle-carrying, and by which 

 the sending a ton of merchandise from Europe 

 implies an expenditure of about $300 for 

 freight, and an average increase of 280 per 

 cent, in the cost of the commodity ? 



President Ballivian of Bolivia issued a de- 

 cree, dated Cochabamba, 15th September last, 

 to the effect that an exposition of manufact- 

 ured articles would take place on the 9th of 

 December. Those who should excel in the 

 works exhibited were to receive a premium of 

 3,000 Bolivian dollars, to be decided by the 

 President, the prefect, and two members of 

 the Municipal Council. 



BOXAl'AKTE, CHARLES Louis NAPOLEON 

 (better known as Napoleon III.), ex-Emperor 

 of France, born in the palace of the Tuileries, 

 Paris, France, April 20, 1808; died at Ohisel- 

 hurst, England, January 9, 1873. He was re- 

 puted the third son of Louis Bonaparte, ex- 

 King of Holland, and of Hortense Beauhar- 

 nais, the daughter of Josephine, from whom 

 the ex-King had been for some time estranged. 

 Ho was, nevertheless, inscribed at the head of 

 the register of the family of the Napoleonic 

 dynasty, the Emperor having recognized Louis 

 and his heirs as successors to the crown in 

 preference to his elder brothers. His birth 

 v.'.'n announced, through the empire and in 

 Holland, by the roar of artillery. On Novem- 

 ber, 4, 1810, he was baptized by Cardinal 

 Fesch, the Emperor and the Empress Louise 

 being his sponsors. After Napoleon's return 

 from Elba, his nephew accompanied him to 

 the Champ de Mars, and was there presented 

 tu the deputies of the people and the army. 

 After Waterloo the Bonaparte family was 

 banished from France. The father and moth- 

 er of Louis Napoleon had separated, and young 

 Lonia was educated chiefly by his mother, who 

 retained the title of Queen of Holland. His 



education was, indeed, desultory, and in many 

 respects imperfect. The family resided in 

 Augsburg, and afterward in Switzerland. 

 When the Revolution of 1830 broke out, Na- 

 poleon petitioned Louis Philippe for leave to 

 return to France, but that monarch refused 

 the request. Napoleon and his elder brother 

 having joined the Carbonari, took part in the 

 revolutionary movements of 1831 in Italy, and 

 were banished from Papal territory; Napo- 

 leon's escape from death or long imprisonment 

 being due to the tact and genius of his mother ; 

 his brother died from the indirect effects of 

 his exertions and perils at this time. The 

 death of the Duke de Reichstadt (the son of 

 Napoleon I. by Maria Louisa), in 1832, left him 

 successor to Napoleon I. 



He had always been given to study and to 

 writing, and in 1836 he published a work en- 

 titled "Political Reveries," and a "Manual of 

 Artillery." His ambition, his name, and his 

 unscrupulous audacity, urged him to enter a 

 career which presents the most wonderful vi- 

 cissitudes of fortune. Having secured the aid 

 of Colonel Vaudrey and other officers stationed 

 at Strasbourg, he made an attempt on that 

 place, with a few adherents, in October, 1836. 

 He failed, was arrested, and was banished to 

 the United States in November of that year. 

 He embarked for Rio Janeiro, and went thence 

 to New York, and spent some time here in 

 comparative obscurity and idleness. 



In 1837 he returned to Europe, attended 

 Queen Hortense in her last illness at Arenen- 

 berg; and took refuge in England, where he 

 passed about two years. In 1839 he published 

 his " Napoleonic Ideas " (" Id6es Napoleon- 

 iennes"), which has been described as a "me- 

 lange of liberal principles and praetorian domi- 

 nation." It is an apology for the regime of 

 Napoleon I. The unpopular measures of Louis 

 Philippe encouraged Louis Napoleon to engage 

 in another rash and desperate enterprise. At- 

 tended by about fifty partisans and a tame 

 eagle, which was expected to perch upon his 

 banner as the harbinger of victory, he sailed 

 from England in August, 1840, and entered 

 Boulogne, where he obtained but little sup- 

 port, and was speedily arrested by the soldiers 

 who he had hoped would be induced to join 

 his standard. lie was tried on a charge of 

 treason by the House of Peers, and, after he 

 had made a speech in his own defense, and 

 professed his devotion to the principle of popu- 

 lar sovereignty, was sentenced to perpetual 

 imprisonment. He was confined in the Castle 

 of Ham, where he pursued his political studies 

 and wrote several political and historical trea- 

 tises. Aided by his physician, Dr. Conneau, 

 and disguised as a laborer, he escaped from 

 Ham in May, 1846, and retired to England. 



The revolution in 1848 afforded him an op- 

 portunity to return to France, and thus opened 

 a new field to his irrepressible ambition. In 

 June, 1848, he was elected to the National As- 

 sembly for the Department of the Seine. He 



