BRAZIL. 



which only two volumes were ever publi.-hed 

 (1866 ami 1849), was an claoorete, < 

 work, on which ho WM long engaged, and 

 made much us* of the labor of assistant*, but, 

 though translated into several language*, it 

 had not a large circulation ; not aa large, per- 

 haps, aa ita really careful research merited. 



BRAZIL (Iiiruno DO BBAZIL), a vast coun- 

 try of South America, and the only empire in 

 the Western Hemisphere, liea between lat. 4 

 80* N. and 83* 8., and Ion. 86* and 78" W. It 

 U bounded on the north by tli- I nit.-.l State* 

 of Colombia, Venezuela, British, French, and 

 Dutch Guiana, and the Atlantic ; on the east 

 by the same ocean ; on the south by Uruguay, 

 the Argentine Republic, and Paraguay; and 

 on the west by Bolivia. IVrn, Ecuador, and 

 the United State* of Colombia. A joint com- 

 mission, appointed by the Governments of 

 Brazil end IVrn, set out from Manaos on June 

 llth for the lea, for the purpose of filing the 

 boundaries between the two countries. The 

 area of the empire is (with the territory ac- 

 quired in 1878 from Paraguay as a war indem- 

 nity) nearly 8,500,000 square mtle,orinori> than 

 two-fifths of the area of the South American 

 ucnt. Brazil is divided into twenty prov- 

 Inooa and one neutral municipality (mvnirijiia 

 nrvtro). and has, according to the census of 

 August 81, 1872, a population of 10,096,978, 

 of which number 1,688,864 were slaves. The 

 mat majority of the inhabitants are mestizos, 

 bat the African is the most numerous unmixed 

 race in the empire. The rate of increase of 

 population baa been greatest in the following 

 provinces, aa will be seen by comparison with 

 ions census returns:* Alagoas, 841.:ur, ; 

 Parana, 196,728 ; Rio Grande do Sal (or . 

 Pedro), 600,000. Rio de Janeiro, the capital 

 <>f the empire, has, according to the re- 

 torna of 1879, population of 27-1. '.'72, of 

 whom 994,088 are free. The number of in- 

 habited houses in Rio is given as 29,046, occu- 

 pied by 44,211 families; there are 74 public 

 building* ; B9 churches, three of those being 

 ProteMant ; 17 prisons and lockup- 

 pita)*, public and private ; 6 convents ; 1 alms- 

 house, or asylum for beggars; and 18 then- 



The Government i* constitutional nnl hered- 

 itary, baaed upon the fundamental law of 

 March 98. 1*24, modified by amendments bear- 

 Ing dates August 12, 1884, and May 12, 1840. 



Emperor. I>om Pedro II., born December 2, 

 1888: proclaimed April 7, 1881 , regency from 

 the latter date till July 2.1. 1840; crowned 

 July IH. 1H41; married September 4. 1848, to 

 Theresa Christina Maria, daughter of the late 

 King Francis I. of the Two Sicilies. 



Minister of the Interior. l>r. .1. A. Corr.'.i 

 de Olivers, Deputy; Minister of .tntire. Dr. 

 M. A. Dnart* d'.V putv; Mh 



of Forttim Affairs, Vi..-,,,,nt de < 



r of State aad fliaator; Minister of 



War, J. J. de O. Junqueira, Deputy; Mil 



":irine, J. D. Kibeiro da Luz, Senator; 

 Mini>ter of Public Works, Commen-e. HM 



ultnre, J. F. da Coata Penira, Deputy; 

 mid Minister of Finance, Viscount do Ilio 

 Brnnco. President of the Council of State, and 

 of the Tribunal of the National Treasury. 



The Council of State is composed of tlio 

 following members in ordinary: Vibconnt do 



UrMiro, 1'ri-ident ; Princess lni]ieriul 



Donniilznbel : Prince Oaatond'Orleana. Coma 

 d'Ku ; Senators Yi-connt d'Absutf. Viscount 

 Sapucahy. Viscount B. do Souza Franco, \ i 

 count de Sao Vicente, J. T. Nahiico de Araujo, 

 and Baron de Maritilm. Members extraordi- 

 nary: Viscount de Inhamirim. Senator: Vis- 

 coimt do Bom I:, tiro, Senator; Viscount de 

 Arnxa; and Senators: Viscount de Jsguary, 

 unt de Caravellas, Duke de Cazius, and 

 Vi-count de Nictheroy. 



President of the Semite, which contains 68 

 life-members, Viscount d'Abaete : Vii e-l'ri >i- 

 di-nt, Viscount de Jaguary. President of the 

 Chamber of Deputies (122 members for four 

 years), J. M. d'Ar:mio(ioes; Councillor, A. .1. 

 ilenriqncs; J. P. M. Portella, A. G. de Paula 

 Fonseca. 



The provinces are administered by legislative 

 uaemblies. whose presidents, appointed by the 

 central government, are as follows: 



................... H. Vmi de Moreno. 



Amon ................. T). M. Pclxoto. 



Kahin ..................... J. K. Frcinc de Can'alho. 



< -t*ri ..................... F. A . OH vctra. 



K-plriio Santo ............ J. Tlioml da Slhn. 



<t<<Tf ..................... A. Clct-ro do ArtE. 



Mn'innl.ii' ................. 8. K. Ctnii'lnida Cnnba. 



MlloOroMo ............. .?. M. da Sllva 1M. 



Mlii. Orrac* ............. V. J. d'Olivrlra I.ltbos. 



)-r* ...................... D. J. da Cuuba, Jr. 



I-arahjU .................. F. F. dc SI 



I*aran* .................... F. J. C. d'AranJo Abnmcbcc. 



rcnumlmco .............. II. I*, dp Lncena. 



Jlauhy .................... (1. < i!o Altini|i.erqnp Mrllo. 



imlnlo Ni.rtr ...... J. C. liaudclra de Jlcllio Filho. 



Klo Grande (or Bio Pedro) 



-nl ................. J. P. do Onrrnlho Mcnr*. 



Illoili' Janrlro ............ M. J. ilc- Frvllta Travii- 



Snt( ntharina .......... P. Affonni Ferrcln. 



8aoPnl.. ................ J. F. Xavler. 



bcrglpc .................. M. N.dcFonaecaGalvuo. 



Archbishop, M. J. da Silvcira, Count 

 Salvador, Primate of Brazil, March, 1861. 

 There nre 11 bishoprics: those of Belcm. S. 

 Luiz. Olinda. P.io de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, ! 

 Alegre, Muriannu, Diamantina, Goyaz, and 

 i 



'I lie Supreme Court of Justice (Rio de Ja- 

 neiro) i composed of a president and 17mem- 

 tlie Courts of Appeals, of a president 

 nnd 23 members; the Tribunals of Conm 

 of a president, a procurator, and an adjunct 

 (who are likewise members of tho Courts of 

 Apjienls); the other meinbers ore commcrciul 

 "depntie*. 1 ' Tho president of the Supreme 

 Court of Wnr and of Justice is the F.mpcror; 

 Viee-pp '-.idi 'tit. Marshal the Duke de Cai 



The army comprises a special corps of 041 

 men: 21 battalions of infantry, 16,163 strong ; 

 6 cavalry regiments, 4,162 strong; and 6 bat- 

 talions of artillery, with 1 battalion of cngi- 



