71 



UKAZIL. 



Tbe coffee exports from Santos in the year 

 ending January 80, 1878, were 448,210 sacks, 

 minst 409,000 sacks in the preceding year. 

 TM cotton exported from the same port in 

 tbe year 1878-78 was 156,963 bales, against 

 188,026 in the yew before. 



In 1871-78 Pernambnco shipped but 12,- 

 470 tons of cotton ; and 83,457 tons of sugar. 



Tbe values of the principal among the other 

 exports from the empire in 1871-72, and not 

 mentioned above, were as follows : 



> 



. 8.i8o,noo 



. 1,860.000 

 790.000 



I." 



. 400,000 



Brazil sends on an average one-half of her 

 product* to Great Britain ; and one-half of her 

 imports proceed from that country. 



The unit of weight, in reference to price, 

 now generally adopted by sugar-merchants 

 and coffee-lackers, is 10 kilogrammes, and tbe 

 sack of 60 kilogrammes by the coffee-men. 



Here follow tbe arrivals and departures of 

 ressel* at the ports of the empire for 1871 and 



ian 



S.447 Mfrfotaf vimli, with 



B ccir K *te of MOIton*. 



4^80 COM Wr., with u tggn- 



TV... l,OWtont. 

 . with 



Bof l.TtttOO*. 



, with *n tgtre- 



cmuof. .77... l,18toBi. 



with 



: t 



: I 



'* . . ' ' 



: :.-:. M 



4JM4 ooMUcm, with u . 



ntcof 1.088 tool. 



SJ4f M*-r>li TMMta, with 



M0tlrtnf l.OSMtOn*. 



4.6M coMter, with u *ra- 



fmt. of 1^19 ton*. 



The great coast-trade of Bahla was carried 

 on last year by 09 Brazilian vessels, 88 Eng- 

 lish, 17 American, 7 Portuguese, 6 German, 

 and 1 Spanish. 



The commercial relations of Brazil with the 

 I'r.iicd States might be increased fourfold 

 with extended ana improved means of com- 

 munication between the two countries. As 

 above mentioned, the United States offer the 

 chief mart for Brazilian coffee, which article 

 stands for one-half of the entire exports; 

 and send In return machinery, implements, 

 of varioun kind*, and " Yankee notions," tho 

 consumption for all which is greater and 

 grsrtsr every year in Brazil. At present tho 

 direct mail communications with the United 

 RUtasarc limited to one a month, effected by 

 steamers so greatly inferior in speed to the first- 

 class and swift packets with which the Euro- 

 Mam companies now give Brazilians almost 

 daily coinmnnlration with Europe, that it is 

 possible for letters sent to New York by the 

 roandabont voyage tU England, to arrive at 

 their destination within the time taken by the 

 American packet* ; wliicti. indeod, even sailing- 

 veasclshave beaten by two or three days. As a 

 mail service, therefore, the existing New York 

 one it practically useless, except to Para, which 



finds once a month a saving of a few days in 

 it* North American communications. 



In addition to the railways enumerated in 

 another volume,* some new lines have been 

 opened to the public service in the course of 

 1878 ; and there are at present about 500 mi!, s 

 in operation in the empire. Some 10 miles 

 of the Nictlicroy & Villa Nova Railway were 

 opened before Hay ; and it was expected that 

 the line would lie completed in June, and so 

 establish communication between the Canta- 

 gallo Railway and the city of Nicihoroy. 



A portion of the Campos and San Sebastiiio 

 road, at Sao Goncalo, was opened to traffic; 

 and it was hoped that by the end of the year 

 trains would be running over 12 kilometres of 

 the Porto da Cunha and Leopoldina line in 

 Minos Geraes. 



A large number of new liness are in process 

 of const nietu m ; concessions have been granted 

 for others; and concessions for more were 

 solicited. 



The first roil of the Baturite Railway, in tho 

 province of Ccara, was laid in July, and it was 

 presumed that the first section 25 miles 

 would be ready for service by January 1, 1874. 

 This lino will be the cheapest yet made in 

 Ura/.il, the cost being considerably under $25,- 

 000 per mile. The gauge is one metre. 



A bill was passed in August authorizing an 

 outlay of $20,000,000 on railways in the prov- 

 ince of Rio Grande do Sul ; and another em- 

 powering the general Government to grant a 

 7 per cent guarantee on railways in tho em- 

 pire. 



The receipts of the Pernambuco Railway 

 tripled from 1868 to 1872, in which latter 

 year they reached $467,178; while the ex- 

 penses in the same year ($224,899) showed an 

 increase of only $46,000 over 1868. 



Owing to constant outlays for repairs, the 

 expenses of the Bahia line frequently exceed 

 the receipts. 



A decree was issued on May 8d, authorizing 

 the Government to exempt from duties all 

 tools, fuel, rolling-stock, etc., necessary for the 

 construction and working of mil ways belong- 

 ing to companies organized in Brazil. 



In Rio Grande do Sul a provincial concession 

 of a railway between RioPardo and the Santa 

 Cruz Colony was granted. 



The opening of the Itft Railway was to take 

 place April ITtli. 



The great railway project of the day is that 

 of a line of 1,000 leagues from the city of Para 

 to Porto Alegre, and passing through all tbe 

 principal m:iritiiiif cities of the empire. 



A company, entitled the Locomotora Bahia- 

 na, was established in Rio, in January , tor 

 the construction of a tramway between the 

 upper and lower cities of Bahia. with a capital 

 of $400,000, in $100 shores. The Rio Grande. 

 do Sul tramway was opened January Mb. 



In Rio Grande do Sul the completion of a 



* 8n tbe AXKCAL CYCLOPEDIA for Igit. 



