80 BRAZIL, EMPRESS-DOWAGER OF. 



native kaolin found in Rio provinro, together 

 with a collection of clay-war=s painted after 

 the Indian rtyle. 



Samples of raw cotton from the seven 

 ton-producin,: provinces held a conspicuous 

 place in the exhibition. 



miles* species of fibrous materials, suited 

 for ropes, twine, and coarse fabrics, were fur- 

 nished ; roost remarkable among which was a 

 white silky sample from Minus Geraes, derived 

 from climber yielding three cuttings an- 

 nually, and which' has been declared by com- 

 petent judges to be worth three times the 

 price of flax for textile purposes. 



In tobacco, of which there was a goodly ex- 

 hibit, Bahla and Minas Geraes took the pre- 

 eminence. 



Gears, the great coffee-bearing country of 

 the north, was fairly represented by Mocha 

 and flat coffee in the skin; and handsome 

 samples were likewise shown from Rio, Minas, 

 Pernambnco, Sao Paolo, eto. 



The brilliant display of sugars, especially a 

 collection from Hahia comprising all the grains 

 of plantation make, left no room to apprehend 

 that Brazil would not be fairly represented in 

 tli is branch. 



Samples of black and green "India" (Chi- 

 nese) tea from Sao Paulo bespoke creditable 

 handling. It is asserted that the culture of 

 this article will soon be revived in the up- 

 lands, where it finds a genial soil and climate. 



Favorable specimens of the several f erf a I in, 

 and farinacooua roots and plants, were also 

 on exhibition. The number of packages sent 

 was 687; beside* seven barrels of sugar, two 

 roll* of sarsaparilla, 27 sacks of coffee, two 

 barrels of arrow-root, one barrel of tapioca, 

 and 19 bales of cotton, for distribution. A 

 frreat pine-tree from Parana, measuring fnllj 

 five feet in diameter and 150 feet in hei-lit. 

 went in 21 logs to bo set up at the cihiliiti.ni, 

 with It* branches and cone*. 



BRAZIL, AMELIA ACOCBTA ECOIMA NAPO- 

 LO<CK, Expuas-DowAGEB OF, born in Bava- 

 ria, July 81, 1812; died in Lisbon, Portugal. 

 January 20, 1873. She was the third dan 

 of Eugene do Beanharnais, Duke of I.< m lit< n- 

 bera, and son of Josephine, aft cm .-.pi I Impress 

 of France. She was married to Dom Pedro I., 

 Emperor of Braxil, October 17, 1829, his first 

 Empress, the mother of Dom Pedro II., the 

 present Emperor, having died in 1 -.'<,. In 

 18*1 Dom Pedro I. abdicated the Brazilian 

 throne in favor of his son, and re -turned ith 

 bit Empress to Portugal where he died Sep- 

 tember 24, 1884. The Empress remained a 

 widow from that time till her death, and <lid 

 not return to Brazil, though there was the 

 most oordial feeling between her and l 

 son, the present Emperor. She resided at the 

 PortagMM court, and, by the marriage of her 

 brothers and sister*, was closely connected 

 witb the reigning bouses of Rossis, 8 

 and Germany. She was a first-cousin of the 

 Ute Napoleon 1 1 1. 



BRODIIEAD, JOHN R. 



BRODHEAD, JOHN ROMEYN, LL. D., nn 



American historian, archasologist, and diplo- 

 mat i.-t, born in Philadelphia, January 2, 1814; 

 lied in New York City, May C, 187:1. His 

 father was an eminent clergyman of the I In- 

 formed (Dutch) Church, and removed to New 

 York City while his son was an infant. Mr. 

 Brodhead was educated at Rutgers Coll 

 New Brunswick, whence he graduated in 1831, 

 at the early age of seventeen. After gradua- 

 tion ho studied law in the office of the late 

 Hugh Maxwell, and was admitted to the bar 

 in 1835. During two years lie practised his 

 profession in New York, after which he retired 

 to Saugcrties, and devoted himself to literary 

 pursuits. In 1841 he went to Holland, under 

 authority from Governor Seward, to investi- 

 gate the colonial records and land grants, and 

 procured many valuable documents relating to 

 the early history of the State of New York. 

 Among them were 10 volumes of manuscript 

 from Holland, muinly the records of the colo- 

 nial secretaries under the Dutch supremacy, 

 1009-1674, but with separate records also of 

 New Amsterdam (New York), and Beaver- 

 wyck (Albany) ; 47 volumes from England, and 

 17 from France, comprising in all more than 

 6,000 important papers relative to the history 

 of the State. These documents were translated 

 and edited by Mr. E. B. O'Callaghan, and pub- 

 lished in 11 quarto volumes. by act of the New 

 York Legislature. In 1846 Mr. Brodhead was 

 appointed Secretary of the 1'nitcd States le- 

 gation in England, of which Mr. Bancroft was 

 then minister. He returned to this country 

 in 1849, and was Naval Officer of the port, 

 during Mr. Piercc's Administration, since 

 which time he had held no official position. 

 In the spring of 1855 he was appointed consul- 

 al to Japan, but declined the honor. 

 for many years he was one of the trustees of 

 the Astor and New York Society Libraries, 

 and a member of the Historical Society and 

 the Union League Club. Early in life Mr. 

 Brodhead had displayed a fondness for histori- 

 cal and antiquarian research, s, especially in 

 matters relating to the rule of the Dutch in 

 this state. Kndowed with rare powers of 

 perception, and deeply imbued with earnest- 

 ness and zeal, be pursued his researches with 

 a perseverance which overcame all obstacles, 

 and carried him forward to success. Ilis mis- 

 sion to Holland all'orded him facilities in his 

 search for information, by which he greatly 

 profited. The knowledge thus acquired was 

 embodied in his well-known "History of the 

 State of New York," published in two vol- 

 umes, the first of which appeared in 1853, and 

 the second in 171. Mr. Brodhend once in- 

 tended to add a third volume, and to bring the 

 narrative down to the present day, hut had to 

 abandon the intention on account of declining 

 health. He had delivered an address I 

 the New York Historical Society, in 1844. and 

 one on the commercial history of New York, 

 before the Mercantile Library Association, at 



