H 



CENTRAL AMERICA. 



CHAPMAN, REUBEN A. 



teg her territory one day traversed by a 

 caul between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, 

 abe posses* within herself all the elements 

 requisite for working oat her OWP destiny un- 

 aided by any of her neighbors. 



llondora* exhibiu no lew readineaa than 

 Nicaragua to come into the propoted con- 

 federattoo. And at for San Salvador and 

 Guatemala, a rrfusal from them to enter into 

 the grand acheme is acaroely to be apprehend- 

 ed. In the eoaneof the year just terminated, 

 the two power* la* alluded to again found an 

 opportunity to lend armed aid to Honduras, 

 wbo*e territory wa* invaded by the filibuster 

 Palacios; and Nicaragua, neutral for a time, 

 afterward changed her policy, and entered 

 with San Salvador and Guatemala into an 

 alliance offensive and defensive, u well to 

 protect herself from any aggression on the 

 part of Palacios, u to secure sufficient help in 

 case of hostilities with Costa Rio*. 



It may not be uninteresting to present the 

 following statistics, as indicative of the rapid 

 growth of trade between California and Cen- 

 tral America during the last eight years. 



The value of the imports from San Francisco 

 in 185 was bnt $85.000 ; in 1800 it increased 

 to $1*4.000 ; large quantities of flour having 

 been received during the two years immedi- 

 ately folio* ing, the figures in 1867 swelled 

 to $118,000 ; and in 188 reached $204.000. 

 The returns for 1860, in which year the trade 

 was very irregular, and shipments were mostly 

 fleeted in the first and last quarters, ex- 

 hibited a decrease of over $100,000. The 

 was marked by a like languor ; but, 

 in 1871. the aggregate imports amounted to 

 $190.700, an increase of more than $100.000 

 as compared with the two years immediately 

 preceding; while in 1871 the total rose to 

 $488.700, being an excess of $12,000 over the 

 trade of 1870 and 1871 together. The value 

 of the imports during the first six months of 

 1878 b set down at $188.000; and the whole 

 of the imports from San Francisco through all 

 the Central-American porta, in the space of 

 Uht years ami a half, represent a value of 

 fS.OM.000. It should be observed that the 

 peat bulk of merchandise imported was Uken 

 by Owaleotala. 



The export returns exhibit a no less favor- 

 able SUM of things. In 1805, for instance, 

 8.180,000 Iba, of coffee were sent to San Fran- 

 OSMO; 4,8fft.OOO IDS. in I860; 5.189,000 Ibs. 

 in IM7; the increase in the following year 

 Ml IHtJe abort of 60 pee cent; 1809 was 

 marked by a falling off of about 40 per cent 

 as compared with 1808; and in 1870 

 S,Mft,000 Ibs. ware hipped, a decrease to be 

 attributed to the fallow of the coffee^rops 

 in most of the republics, and especially in 

 Guatemala. Hot the year after, 1871, gare 

 9.4M.OOO Iba. ; 18T2 gave 10,421.000 Ibs. ; and 

 in tii* first six month* of 1878 the shipments 

 reached 0.46O.OOO Iba. U is fair to calculate 

 that the aggregate exports of coffee in 1878 



will not bo under 11,000,000, in which case 

 the total quantity sent to San Francisco from 

 January 1, 1866, 'to December 81, 1873, would 

 be 00,000,000 Ibs., which, at an average of 

 15 cento, per lb., makes $9,000,000. On. - 

 third of the export* from Guatemala in 1*71 

 went to the United States. (For further de- 

 tail*, Kt COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, 

 NICABAOCA, and SAN SALVADOR.) 



( II AM 'I. Hi:, Colonel and Brevet Briga- 

 dier-General .loiix G., United States Army, a 

 meritorious and active army officer, born in 

 Massachusetts, about 1832 ; died in Washington, 

 D. 0., May 12, 1878. He entered the Military 

 Academy as a cadet in 1848, and graduated 

 in 1858, was appointed brevet second-lieuten- 

 ant of artillery in July of that year, nnd coni- 

 nii!.ii>i>ed full second-lieutenant of Third Ar- 

 tillery in December following. He was en- 

 gaged mainly in frontier duty for the next 

 years, being promoted to be first-lieuten- 

 ant in May, 1856. During the late civil war 

 he was engaged for the most part in quarter- 

 master duty, and was promoted to a captaincy 

 on the staff in May, 1801 ; to the rank of lieu- 

 tenant-colonel in 1802 on the staff; nnd WHS 

 commissioned major on staff, as quartermaster, 

 in the regular army in 1867, lieutenant-colonel 

 in 1870, and colonel in 187L'. All these were 

 staff appointments. He had received brevet 

 rank as major, lieutenant-colonel, and colonel 

 in 1865, and as brigadier-general in 1870. Dur- 

 ing the war he was successively chief-quarter- 

 master of the Department of West Virginia, 

 i if the Fourth Division of the Army of the 

 Ohio, of the Pittshurg-Landing Depot of the 

 Army of the Ohio ; of the Nineteenth Army 

 Corps (Department of the Gulf); and of the 

 Thirteenth Army Corps in Texas. After the 

 war he was depot-quiirtermnstcr nt New Or- 

 leans, chief-quartermaster of the Department 

 of Dakota, and finally attached to the Quart* r- 

 matter-General's Department at Washington, 

 wh.ro he died. 



( IIAPMAN, RXUBXS ATTWATKR, LL. D., 

 Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of Massn- 

 MH, l>orn in Russell, llampden Count v, 

 Mass.. S-ptcniber 20. IWH ; died at the Hotel 

 delaCroix, Khiellen, on Lake Lucerne, Switzer- 

 land, June 28, 1878. His early life was that 

 of an ordinary New England farmer's boy, 

 with its nigjred toil and scanty but well-im- 

 proved schooling. At the age of nineteen he 

 became a rlerk in a country store in tho 

 town of Hlanford, where his superior native 

 qualities attracted tho attention of the leading 

 lawyer of tho place, who invited him to be- 

 come a student in his office. Young Chap- 

 man not only gratefully embraced the oppor- 

 tunity, lint liin aptness and devotion to his 

 tndir* justified the foresight of hi* p.dnm. 

 He began the practice of his profession in 

 the town of Westficld, thence removing suc- 

 cessively to Monson, Ware, and Springfield. 

 Ills advent in the professional circles of the 

 latter place was very trying and discouraging. 



