CLARK, HENRY J. 



CLARK, HORACE F. 



121 



the servile ceremonies to which Chinese offi- 

 cials, on such occasions, have to submit. After 

 long negotiations, the Chinese Government con- 

 ceded the demand of the foreign ministers, and 

 agreed with them upon a ceremonial satisfac- 

 tory to both parties. The audience took place 

 on June 29th. Although no notice was given 

 of the ceremony, the streets around the impe- 

 rial palace were crowded with people, who 

 came from all parts of the city to witness the 

 arrival and departure of the foreign ministers. 

 The ambassador of Japan was received first, 

 and had a separate interview. When he had 

 retired, the ministers of the United States, Rus- 

 sia, Great Britain, France, and the Nether- 

 lands, entered the presence in a body. M. de 

 Vlangally, the Russian minister, and dean of 

 the diplomatic corps, read an address to the 

 Emperor in French, which Herr Bismarck, the 

 interpreter of the German legation, repeated 

 in Chinese. Each minister then deposited his 

 credentials on a table in front of the throne. 

 When this ceremony was concluded the Em- 

 peror delivered, in the Mantchoo dialect, his 

 reply to the address ; Prince Knng, kneeling, 

 interpreted the emperor's words in Chinese. 

 Eight hundred mandarins, in splendid cos- 

 tumes, were present. At the close of the 

 audience the foreign ministers were escorted 

 to their chairs witli great ceremony by mem- 

 bers of the Tsnng-li-Yamen. 



On April 30th the treaty which two years 

 ago had been concluded between China and 

 Japan was ratified at Tien-tsin. As this 

 treaty contained a stipulation which made it, 

 in fact, an offensive and defensive alliance of 

 the two states, the foreign diplomatists in 

 Japan, when the treaty, which long had been 

 kept secret, became known to them, prevailed 

 npon the Mikado to send a plenipotentiary to 

 Peking for the purpose of demanding its re- 

 vision. In 1872 two Japanese diplomatists 

 were therefore sent to Tien-tsin, but were 

 unable to accomplish any thing. In the spring 

 of 1873 a new embassy was sent, at the head 

 of which was the Japanese Minister for For- 

 eign Affairs. This time the efforts of the 

 Japanese were successful, and ten days after 

 the arrival of the ambassador at Tien-tsin the 

 treaty was ratified. On May 6th the ambas- 

 sador left for Peking, when he was admitted, 

 in union with the European and American 

 ambassadors, to the first audience accorded by 

 the new Emperor to the representatives of 

 r n powers. 



CLARK, HENBY JAMES, LL. D., an American 

 scientist, born in Mansfield, Mass., about 

 1S28; died in Amherst, Mass., June 1, 1873. 

 He graduated from the University of the City 

 of New York in 1SJ8, and devoted his atten- 

 tion to physical science from that time. He 

 became a student in the Lawrence Scientific 

 -I, where he studied botany with Prof. 

 Gray, and zoology and paleontology with 

 Prof. Agnssiz, becoming the warm personal 

 friend as well as the pupil of both. He also 



became a member of the American Acad- 

 emy of the Natural Sciences, to which he con- 

 tributed valuable papers. In 1854 he received 

 from Harvard University the degree of Bach- 

 elor of Science. In 1860 he was appointed 

 Assistant Professor of Zoology (adjunct to 

 Prof. Agassiz), which position he held un- 

 til 1865. Since that time he had been en- 

 gaged in scientific pursuits, and had latterly 

 resided at Amherst, Mass., having some con- 

 nection with the Agricultural College of 

 Massachusetts. 



CLARK, HOBACE FBANCIS, LL. D., an em- 

 inent citizen, lawyer, banker, and railroad 

 president, born in Southbury, Conn., Novem- 

 ber 29, 1815; died in New York City, June 

 19, 1873. Mr. Clark was a son of Rev. 

 Daniel A. Clark, a distinguished Presbyterian 

 clergyman, who died in New York City in 

 1840. He was prepared for college at the 

 Mount Pleasant Classical Institution, Amherst, 

 Mass., and enteredWilliams College, from which 

 he graduated in 1833, at the age of seventeen. 

 He then came to New York and commenced 

 the study of law in the office of Jonathan 

 Prescott Hall, and in 1837 was admitted to 

 the New York bar. His assiduity, his ac- 

 knowledged ability, and his thorough mas- 

 tery of his cases, soon won for him a largo 

 and lucrative practice. During the nineteen 

 years that he was engaged in active practice 

 he was reputed to be the most active, diligent, 

 and hard-working lawyer in the profession in 

 New York. In 1856 he was elected to Con- 

 gress on the Democratic ticket, but, though 

 identified by all his associations and his con- 

 victions with the wing of the Democratic 

 party then known as Hnrdshells, he dissented 

 from the first from the policy of Mr. Buchanan 

 in regard to Kansas, supported the views of 

 Senator Douglas, and was one of the five 

 anti-Lecompton men who finally effected the 

 organization of the House. At the close of 

 his term he ran again as an independent 

 candidate for the Thirty-sixth Congress, re- 

 ceiving also the nomination and support of a 

 portion of the regular Democratic Convention, 

 and was triumphantly reflected by an over- 

 whelming majority. He served throughout 

 this term, ending in 1861 with the Ad- 

 ministration of Buchanan, when he retired 

 to private life, and never afterward held 

 political office. While a .member of Con- 

 gress, Mr. Clark held a high rank as an 

 earnest and effective worker, and was most in- 

 fluential in shaping many of the measures of 

 that body. During his first term he was as- 

 signed to the Judiciary Committee, and during 

 the second to the Committee on Indian Affaire. 

 On leaving Congress Mr. Clark resumed the 

 practice of bis profession, which he continued 

 till his interest in railroad affairs began to ab- 

 sorb much of his time, when he abandoned 

 the law entirely, and engaged wholly in the 

 business which occupied his attention ever 

 after. In 1857 he first became a director 



