250 DELAFIELD, RICHARD. 



physiologist and pathologist ; died in Leip- 

 sic, September 15, 1878. Prof. Crcrmak 

 was one of the most eminent of modern 

 physiologists, and a man of wide and gener- 

 otu culture in all departments of scientific 

 investigation. Endowed with large wealth, 

 be used it unsparingly for the promotion of 

 science. He was the inventor of (In- laryngo- 

 scope, and his treatise upon it was published in 

 English by the Sydenham Society. He was 

 the founder, proprietor, and bead of the Leipsio 



DELAWARE. 



Physiological Laboratory, and grudged no ex- 

 pense in the costly nnd admirable investiga- 

 tions constantly carried on there for the ad- 

 vancement of physiological research, lie was 

 one of the German committee to decide upon 

 contributions to the International S-icmit'u- 

 Series, and was intending to contribute- a vol- 

 ume to it himself. Two of his lectures "On 

 Hypnotism in Animals" were translated and 

 published in the POPULAR SCIENCE MOXTULY 

 in September and November, 1873. 



D 



DELAFIELD, Brigadier and Brevet Major- 

 General RICHARD, U. S. A., Chief of the Corps 

 of Engineers, but on the retired list since 

 August 8, 1866. born in New York City, in 

 1798; died in Washington, D. 0., November 4, 

 1873. He was from an excellent and intel- 

 lectual family, and one of five brothers all of 

 whom have attained high distinction in various 

 walks of life. After a very thorough prepar- 

 atory training, Richard Delafleld entered the 

 Military Academy at West Point in 1814, and 

 graduated thence in 1818, ranking first in his 

 class. He was immediately commissioned sec- 

 ond-lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers, and 

 assigned to duty as astronomical and topo- 

 graphical draughtsman to the American Boun- 

 dary Commission under the Treaty of Ghent. 

 In 1819 he was ordered to duty as assistant 

 iiL'inoer in the construction of the defenses of 

 Hampton Roads, where he was employed for 

 five years. In 1820 he was commissioned first- 

 lieutenant of engineers, and in 1828 captain. 

 From 1824 to 1832 he was employed as super- 

 intending engineer on the fortifications, im- 

 provements, and roads, in the vicinity of the 

 Mississippi; and from 1832 to 1838 on the 

 public works and fortifications on or near Del- 

 aware River and Delaware Bay. In July, 1838, 

 he was commissioned major of engineers, and 

 assigned to duty as superintendent of the U. 

 S. Military Academy at West Point, which post 

 he filled for seven years. For the next ten 

 years (1846-'55) he was superintending en- 

 gineer of the defenses of New York Harbor and 

 of the Hudson River improvements, serving, 

 however, for seven months also as chief-en- 

 gineer of the Department of Texas, and during 

 the whole ten years as a member of various 

 military and engineering boards and commis- 

 sions. Dunns the Crimean War(in 1855-'~>i; i, 

 acting nnder orders from Jefferson Davis, then 

 Secretary of War, he proceeded to Europe in 

 company with Captain (afterward Major-Gene- 

 ral) George B. McClellan. and Major Ifordeoti, 

 for the purpose of obtaining information in 

 ri'g.inl to the military service in general, and 

 tin- ohniiL'oii which had been mode in modern 

 warfare. Ho made an elaborate report. < 

 npanled by maps, giving an account of the 

 W operations at Sevastopol, and describing 



several great fortresses of Continental Europe. 

 This report, which made a large volume, was 

 printed by order of Congress. In 1856 Major 

 Delafield was reappointcd superintendent at 

 the Military Academy, and continued to hold 

 that position until 1861. He was relieved of the 

 command of the Military Academy, Januai 

 1861, but, it being discovered that the officer 

 appointed his successor (General Beauregard) 

 was in sympathy with the Confederates, that 

 officer was removed, and he reinstated, Janu- 

 ary 28, 1861. On March 1, 1861, ho was at 

 his own request relieved, and Major Bowman 

 appointed his successor. In August, 1861, he 

 was promoted to a lieutenant-colonelcy of en- 

 gineers, and during the civil war rendered 

 valuable service to the Government, aiding 

 Governor Morgan of New York in the reor- 

 ganization and equipment of the New York 

 State forces, and in supplying ordnance stores 

 for the Atlantic and lake defenses ; acting as 

 superintending engineer of the defenses of 

 New York Harbor, and as member of the con- 

 sulting boards and commissions from,18(!l to 

 1864. Ho was advanced to the rank of colo- 

 nel of engineers in 1863, and to that of briga- 

 dier-general, and chief of engineers of the U. 

 S. Army, in April, 1864, and from that time 

 to August 8, 1866, was on duty at Washington 

 as commander of the Corps of Engineers, and 

 in charge of the Bureau of Engineers of the 

 War Department. He was also a member of 

 the commission on ocean encroachments at 

 Sandy Hook, nnd of the Light-house Hoard. 

 He received the brevet rank of major-general, 

 U. S. A., May 13, 1865, and on August 8, 1866, 

 was placed on the retired list as having been 

 borne on the army register over forty-five 

 years. Ho continued to reside in Washington, 

 and performed service on the commissions of 

 which ho was a member. 



1 ) K LAW ARE. The Legislature of this State, 

 which assembled on January 15, 1873, ad- 

 journed on April 12th, after a session of four- 

 teen weeks. Some acts of public interest were 

 passed. A more strinpent liquor law was 

 passed, making the cost of a license $100, with 

 snch other provisions as would confine the sale 

 of liquors chiefly to hotel-keepers. An art was 

 adopted to so amend the State constitution as 



