252 



DELAWARE. 



The best mineral in the State la kaolin. 

 The main deposits of the clay stretch along a 

 a strip of country probably two milea long and 

 three-fourth* of a mile wide, from the summit 

 of a hill near Auburn, on Red-Clay Creek, to 

 the summit of another hill, just over into 

 Chester County. Within thu.xe limits large 

 quantities lie, at a depth of from lix to twelve 

 feet, and smaller veins run off in all directions, 

 sometimes creeping ont on the surface, form- 

 ing quicksand holes, and if upon the hill-sides 

 are liable to be washed ont and the course of 

 the vein traced by deep gullies. This clay is 

 not confined to lowlands, but is as near the 

 surface on a hill-top as in a valley. 



With the exception of some of the large 

 manufactories in Wilmington, the canning and 

 drving of fruit exceed all other industries. It 

 is "computed that the quantity of peaches alone 

 canned and dried during the year was 161,000 

 basket*, that 1,800 persons were employed, and 

 their weekly wages were $8,000. 



The construction of short lines of railroad 

 was extensive during the year, and some im- 

 portant routes across the State were proposed, 

 and steps taken for their future completion. 



In November u daring attempt was made to 

 rob the National Bank of Delaware, which was 

 thwarted after its commencement by the pres- 

 ence of more persons than had been expected. 

 The robbers, of whom there were four, were 

 subsequently arrested and convicted, and sen- 

 tenced to pay the costs of prosecution, a fine 

 of $500 each, to stand in the pillory one hour, 

 to be whipped on the same day forty lashes, and 

 t<> !>c imprisoned for ten years. The manner in 

 which tho corporeal punishment was inflicted 

 :m 1 endured hy the prisoners is thus stated: 



The whipping-post and pillory of New Castle arc 

 located in the jail-yard, inside tho walls. There is, 

 however, a large door-way, usually shut up by heavy 

 folding-doors. Those wore thrown open, to admit 

 such imal! portion of tho immense congregation as 

 eould be crammed inside. The "pout" U planted 

 upright, and at a height of (even or eight feet a 

 platform i fixed upon it.upon which the culprit 

 stands " in the pillory." Beneath the platform, he 

 stands while being whipped. He faces the post, 

 and hit arraa are stretched upward along its aides, 

 and Mevred by iron hups which shut down on his 

 wrist*. These haps were padded so u to be com- 

 fortable to the wrists. 



Shortly after ten o'clock, every thing being in 

 readiness. Carter and Hope were led ont to tho 

 pillory. They walked firmly, but there was an un- 

 u*aaT pallor upon the face of the former. Hop* 

 manifested but little concern, but beneath the out- 

 ward calm exterior it was evident he was suffering 

 mental anguish within. They were accompanied to 

 the pillory by the sheriff and his deputy, and when 

 they first mounted the platform they faced tho 

 crowd, but consequently shifted their position to tlie 

 other -Me Mr. II -rdtnan, the deputy. adjut<vi the 

 storks for Hope and the ahcrifi for Carter. Owing 

 to an affeelinn of the asthma, and tho shortness 

 >f Hop* in suture, he was allowed to stand a little 

 more creel than Carter, and the stocks were not 

 fatcn<xl hy the u-nal hooks, but were tied down 

 with string*. Carter wa securely locked In tin-in, 

 placing hi< long, sandy beard under hi* throat as on 

 May rest for the neck. 



The prisoners behaved themselves becomingly, 



DENMARK. 



and were wrapped up, or rather blankets and coat* 

 were thrown over tia-ir shoulders, and their hats 

 were placed upon their head*. When their hour 

 had expired, they wore removed from the stocks, 

 and both expressed the hope that Delaware law had 

 been so far appeased. Carter remaifci 

 greatest difficulty was in the lower part oi 'tin- 

 he being tall ana much bentovcr. Hope complained 

 more or pain in h'u wrists than anywhere 



When Hurlburt and Lawler were W mr 

 former looked contemplatingly upon th 

 puiiUlimetit before him. Luwicr evidently lelt that 

 the disgrace was fur more a mati- r ihun 



the bodily pain which he would be called upon to 

 endure, ana his eyes were downcast, llr. Herdmon 

 accompanied them to the platform and al.i 

 their necks to the stocks, which, a in 

 Hope, would not close down, and were fastened with 

 strings. While Lawler' s nock wua being fitted, 

 HurlBurt laughingly contemplated tho *. 

 provoked much comment from the crowd or. 1 

 The sheriff promptly repressed nil tumult, and 

 stated that no remarks would be allow r 

 spectators, as the punishment itself was BUI! 

 for the prisoners to Dear. 



Immediately after the release of Lawler and Hurl- 

 hurt from the stocks, which wan left by Hurlburt 

 on the bound, as if glad that that muJi of tip 

 tonce was gono through with, they were led back to 

 their cell, and the whippings began. 



Tho first of the nrisonorsled to the whipping-post 

 was " Big Frank." He wore his dress-coat about 

 his body, which was removed as soon as he wa 

 ready to' be fastened to the post, and a phyriQM <>f 

 only'ordinary mould and strength was revealed. He 

 bowed hU Iieail between his arms, and took the 

 castigation without shrinking or flinching under the, 

 stings of the thongs. His back was considerably 

 reddened and slight welts were raised, but no blood 

 was drawn. 



Hope was the second to receive the penalty. He 

 stood erect, and there was a slight yielding under 

 the weight of the blows. Closing ! 

 was thrown somewhat upward, as if in the attitude 

 of prayer, and several times he shook his head as 

 though he were undergoing much bodily pain. IIU 

 an-.'iiish of mind was intense. No bloou was drawn, 

 although red welts were drawn across his 



When Lawlcrwas brought out totlie post, liisfnco 

 wore an expression of midness, and In 

 was comprcsMiii.' his lips as he walked alnnu. "' s 

 body swelled with emotion, and, although ho b.>rc 

 up well under the lash, his flesh quivered with tho 

 cold. Ho was apparently more severely pun 

 than any of the rest, for welts wcro raised which 

 blackened, and under a few more blows would l.:iv.- 

 opened and sent the blood streaming down his hack. 

 No blood was drawn. 



Hurl bait's countenance was very composed as he 

 walked along the avenue which was opened through 

 the crowd, but, when he readied the post and 

 fastened to it. he dropped hi head between his 

 arms and his face was hid from view. He is a n 

 strong physical organization, and did not flinch 

 under the lash. Large red welts were made across 

 his back, but no blood was drawn. 



We may safely say that nine-tenths of tho p 

 present went to New Castle, to-day, expecting ' 

 Sin-riff Armstrong draw the blood at _ every blow, 

 and that they wore disappointed in thUwMlhown 

 by the suppress! 1 re-marks which wo heard ex- 

 pressed by a large number of persons. We beard 

 many say' that the whole proceeding was a farce, 

 and some became actually nervous because the 

 sheriS did not out the backs of the prisoners into 

 huge sores. The more humane, howi-wi . 

 fled with t : iilioted, ami expressed 



much satisfaction that it wa no more si 



DEN MA UK. n kingdom in Northern Eun>]>p. 

 Reigning sovereign, Christian IX., fourth son 



