DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE AND FOREIGN RELATIONS. 



257 



ral right of emigration was from the first re- 

 ceived by him with favor. It was also sure to 

 be in itself acceptable to all branches of the 

 liberal politicians of Germany. If the natural 

 right of emigration could be affirmed by treaty, 

 with the full recognition of all the conse- 

 quences of acknowledging that right, the point 

 for our German adopted citizens was won in 

 its fullest extent. The wishes and instructions 

 of your predecessor coincided exactly with my 

 ow'ii judgment to press forward and settle this 

 question without the delays and dangers that 

 would attend a complex proposition which 

 would in all probability have defeated our de- 

 sign. So I made it my rule simply to establish 

 the right of emigration as an inalienable and 

 natural right, not limited by any duty to the 

 original government except where the per- 

 formance of that duty had been formally ini- 

 tiated. Of this principle I was so happy as to 

 obtain the recognition in Berlin, contrary to 

 the expectation and prediction of every one 

 of my colleagues at Berlin. Indeed, I was the 

 only one accredited to the North-German Gov- 

 ernment who had confidence that I should 

 succeed." Four of the German States made 

 treaties similar to the one with the North- 

 German Government. 



The regulations to control religious organi- 

 zations in Germany were adopted during the 

 year, and are thus described in the same cor- 

 respondence: "The idea of the supremacy of 

 the state is deeply fixed in the people of the 

 German Empire, especially in Prussia. After 

 much reluctance and deliberation the Govern- 

 ment resolved to assert the paramount au- 

 thority of the laws of the state against every 

 encroachment or disobedience growing out of 

 a coordinate or pretended superior allegiance 

 to a foreign alien power. The Prussian Con- 

 stitution recognized the right of public wor- 

 ship by independent self-governing churches. 

 It now adds that the right is to be exercised 

 under the laws of the state, and subject to the 

 supervisions of the state as ordered by law. 

 The idea of interfering with freedom of con- 

 science is utterly disclaimed, but the rights of 

 the state are to be maintained against attacks 

 under the veil of religion. To carry out the 

 objects of the ministry, the royal government 

 proposed two laws : one to regulate the rela- 

 tions of the state to the education, appoint- 

 ment, and removal of the ministers of religion ; 

 the other to fix the limits of ecclesiastical dis- 

 ciplinary power. Henceforward every spirit- 

 ual officer in a Christian church in Prussia 

 must be a German and free from objections on 

 the part of the Government. He must have 

 gone through a course at a German gymna- 

 sium, and a three years' course at a German 

 university or in some seminary that the state 

 regards as equivalent. The stfite does not as- 

 sume the theological examination, but the can- 

 didate must pass an examination on the part 

 of the state, extending to philosophy, history, 

 German literature, and the classical languages ; 

 VOL. xm. 17 A 



and no one but a person thus thoroughly edu- 

 cated can be appointed, even temporarily, a 

 minister of religion. Nominations by ecclesi- 

 astical superiors must be communicated to the 

 Government, which any time within thirty days 

 after a nomination may veto the appointment. 

 All theological seminaries stand under the su- 

 pervision of the state. 



"With regard to ecclesiastical discipline, 

 punishments must be confined to the circle of 

 religion; are not to be decreed for acts of 

 obedience to the laws of the state or as men- 

 aces to prevent ohedienee to those laws ; nor 

 to influence the exercise of the right of suf- 

 frage. The disciplinary powers within the 

 church itself, of the prelates over their subor- 

 dinate officers and ministers of religion, must 

 likewise find their limits in the rights of sov- 

 ereignty of the state." 



HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. The census of the in- 

 habitants of the Hawaiian kingdom was taken 

 on the night of December 27, 1872. The fol- 

 lowing are the results of the enumeration : 

 males, 31,650; females, 25*,247 total, 56,897. 



Mechanics 2,115 



Agriculturists 9,670 



Plnmat ion laborers 4,774 



Freeholders 6,580 



BECAFUmATlON. 



Narives 49,044 



Half caste 2,487 



Total 51,581 



rOREION-BORN. 



Americans 8R9 



British 619 



Germans 224 



Krench 88 



Portuguese (Western Islanders) 



Chinese (laborers) 1,988 



Other nations 864 



Children of foreign parents born In Hawaii 849 



Total foreigners 6,866 



Natives 61,531 



Total popnlation, 1872 _ 56,897 



Total population, 1866 62,959 



Decrease since 1866 6,068 



Adding increase of foreign popalation 8.515 



Decrease of natives in six years 9,577 



Foreign population in 1866 1.851 



Foreign population In 1672 5,366 



Increase 8,515 



