270 



ECUADOR. 



The army is composed of about 1,500 men. 



The staple articles of export are cacao, Pe- 

 ruvian bark, copper, India-rubber, dye-stuffs, 

 jipijapa (commonly, but improperly, called 

 Panama) hats, nuts, pearl-shell, sarsaparilla, 

 coffee, cotton, tobacco, wool, vegetable ivory. 

 etc. The chief imports are cotton, liiu-n, wool- 

 en, and silk fabrics, hardware, machinery, ag- 

 ricultural and other implements, cordage and 

 enldcs, etc. 



In the year 1872 there were shipped from 

 tin- port of Guayaquil 181,978 quintals of ca- 

 cao, the total crop of which commodity was 

 M8 quintals; 22,861 of India-rubber ; 68,- 

 461 of pearl-shell ; 22,681 of vegetable ivory ; 

 6,600 of coffee; and 89,728 pounds of sarsapa- 

 rilla. 



Although the foregoing statement has been 

 copied from an official report, it is evidently 

 inaccurate in the quantity of India-rubber said 

 to have been shipped, for ">r>.'.>40 quintals were 

 shipped to the United States alone in the 

 course of the year alluded to. 



It may be proper to remark here that the 

 India-rubber from Ecuador eta Panama and 

 nwall, and which is known in the United 

 States as Central- American India-rnbber, now 

 figures in the first lino as regards the quantity 

 imported into the latter country ; and yet in 

 1870 the amount received was but 27,612 quin- 

 tals; in 1871 it had increased to 34,032 quin- 

 tals; which, compared with the figures given 

 above for 1872, will show a regular annual aug- 

 iii- ntution of 10,600 quintals, on the average. 



The coffee of Ecuador is of good quality, 

 and will, it is hoped, be imported before long 

 in large quantities into the United States. 



!)n- following table shows the exports to 

 Great Britain in the five years from 1868 to 

 1872 inclusive: 



British manufactures are imported direct by 

 live different lines of steamers, making an 

 average of fifteen packets per month in the 

 port of Guayaquil. Besides these, the port is 

 likewise visited by a number of sailii> 



The value of the metals exported in 1870 

 amounted to $1,186.467. No official returns 

 have as yet been made of the total commerce 

 of the republic for the year 1878. 



We annex a table of the shipping movements 

 at the port of Guayaquil, for the year 1870 : 



*' 

 iTo 



,000,8*) 



: 



18T 



1,9,JOO 



ToUl $4,810,910 



The imports from the same country during 

 the same years are exhibited in the subjoined 



1MB $144.0 



1M* *T5,MO 



IffiO S95.040 



1OT1 806.886 



IBM 411.410 



ToUl $1,4,045 



From the foregoing table of exports to Great 

 Britain, it U evident that HO far a large pro- 

 portion of the products of tin- republic are 

 sent to that country. Indeed, the present con- 

 n of British trade with Ecuador compares 

 favorably with that of former years; and, it 

 there hat been no very marked increase, tip re 

 IIM at leant been no falling off. 



Tht Rcotdortan , or dollar. I* qolraleot to 

 lUoTIhe Unltrd 8Ut. 



NUMBER. 



It. 



18. 

 10. 



'. 

 8. 

 4. 







FLAG. 



British. 



German 



French 



Central American. 



Italian 



CuilUn 



Peruvian 



535 



-I-.' 





The furs and more costly European mer- 

 chandise are usually brought in steamers ; 1 1n- 

 cheaper goods, and those most liable to break- 

 age, being sent in sailing-vessels; and din ri 

 imports by these are almost entirely in British 

 and German bottoms. 



The greater part of the passengers and 

 cargoes between Ecuador and the other South 

 American republics is carried by the British 

 steamers of the Pacific Steam Navigation Com- 

 pany. There is also a French company, the 

 " OompagnieG6neraleTransatluntique," whose 

 steamers call at Guayaquil twice monthly, on 

 their way from Panama to Valparaiso, and 

 tice veria. 



The high duties upon imports in foreign bot- 

 toms render it impossible for vessels of other 

 nationalities to compete with the French tlajr 

 in carrying South American produce generally 

 into the various ports of France. 



The onerous dues of 4 reals per ton r- 

 ter, formerly levied on vessels entering ports 

 of the republic, have been abolished. Sail- 

 ing-vessels, however, still pay 6J cents per ton 

 register for each light in the ports; steam- 

 ers pay but one-half that rate. Vessels touch- 

 ing at Manta Bay, where a light-house ban 

 been constructed, have to pay light-dues of 

 6| cents per ton register. 



In Guayaquil there are now two li^ht -In - 

 one nn the Island of Santa Clnra. mid the 

 other on Punta Mandinga, on the Island of 

 Puna. Two others are projected, one of 

 which, for Punta Arenas, was to have been 

 built in 1873. 



The national income is mainly derived 

 from the customs receipts, which amounted to 

 1708,991 in 1868; they reached $829,12*; in 

 189; $1,271,639 in 1870; $1,871,489 in 1S71 ; 

 and have since been steadily increasing from 

 year to year, with the increased facilities for 

 internal communication, and a larger nuinln-r 

 of steamers ralliii'? tit the dillerent ports. 



The net income of the republic In 1870. was 

 as follows : 



