322 



GERMANY. 



lies, 612,171 ; other forms of religion, 1,917; 

 r. iigiou>t profession unknown, 15,694. The Ro- 

 man Catholics constitute a majority in Alsace- 

 Lorraine (79.7 per cent), Bavaria (71.8 per 

 cent.), ana Baden (04.6 per rent.); they are 

 a considerable minority in Prussia (88.6 per 

 cent.), Wurtemberg (80.4 per cent), IIcsso 

 (27.9), and Oldenburg (22.6 per cent.); they 

 only number from 3 to 1 per cent, in Saxe- 

 \Veimar, Bremen, Lippo, Waldeck, Brunswick, 

 Hamburg, Saxony, Anluilt, and Sclianmburg- 

 Lippe, and less than 1 per cunt, in all the other 

 States. The Jews number 4.1 per cent, of the 

 population in Hamburg, 3.0 per cent, in Hesse, 

 2.6 per rent, in Alsace-Lorraine, from 2 to 1 

 per cent, in Bavaria, Baden, Prussia, Waldcck, 

 Schaumburg-I.ippe, and Lubeck, and less th.-m 

 1 per cent, in the other states. Of the German 

 princes, only two are Catholics, the Kings of 

 Bavaria and Saxony. The Old Catholics have 

 about 100 congregations and 66,000 members. 



All the states of Germany, with the excep- 

 tion of the three Uanse towns, which are 

 democratic republics, are constitutional mon- 

 archies; in the two grand-dnchies of Mecklen- 

 burg the political institutions had, in 1873, mi 

 entirely feudal character; but, in accordance 

 with an imperial law, passed in 1873, a consti- 

 tutional form of government providing for the 

 representation of all classes of the people, will 

 be introduced in 1874. Prussia, Bavaria, Sax- 

 ony, Wurtemberg, Baden, and Hesse, have Di- 

 ets consisting of two Chambers ; all the oth- 

 er states have only one Chamber. In Prus- 

 sia, Bavaria, Saxony, Wnrtemberg, Baden, 

 Hesse, Brunswick, Schwarzburg, Waldeck, and 

 Schaumbnrg-Lippe, women can succeed after 

 the extinction of the male line ; but not in the 

 other states. 



The number of professors and students at the 

 German universities, in 1878, was as follows : 



in all. twenty universities, of which nine are 

 i:i Prussia, three in Bavaria, two in li 



ich in Wurtemberg, lle<se. Saxony, Saxc- 

 i.ir, Mt-rklenbiirg. nnd Alsace-Lorraine. 

 limri the Acadi-my of Munstcr, contain- 

 ing the two faculties of Catholic theology and 



philosophy, is counted among the German 

 universities. Each university lins at least lour 

 faculties : theology, philoMpnr. law, and med- 

 icine. In Breslau, Bonn, and Tubingen, there 

 are a Catholic and a Protestant theological fac- 

 ulty; Munich, \Vurzbnrg, and Freiburg, have 

 only a faculty of Catholic theology ; the others 

 only of Protestant theology. InBredau, Moiin, 

 and Munich, some of the professors of Catho- 

 lic theology are Old Catholics. Munich, Wurz- 

 burg, and Tubingen have, moreover, a faculty 

 of political economy ; and Tubingen one of 

 natural science. 



At the following universities, outside of the 

 German Empire, the (iermnn language is ex- 

 clusively or predominantly used, and in the 

 province of literature they may be counted as 

 German universities: 



The German Empire has 10 polvtechnic in- 

 stitutes, namely : 2 in Berlin, 1 in Munich, 1 in 

 Stuttgardt, 1 in Carlsruhe, 1 in Dresden, 1 in 

 Hanover, 1 in Aix-la-Chapclle, 1 in Darm- 

 stadt, 1 in Brunswick, with an aggregate of 

 860 teachers and 4,428 students. The num- 

 ber of gymnasia in 1871 was 880 (209 in Prus- 

 sia, 28 in Bavaria, 17 in Saxony, 16 in AVur- 

 tcmherg, 18 in Bnden, 6 in Hesse, 12 in the 

 Thuringian States, 9 in Mecklenburg. 4 in 

 Oldenburg, 6 in Brunswick. 4 in Anhnlt 7 in 

 the other German States, exclusive of Alsace- 

 Lorraine), of I{c:ilg\nmasia 14, of pro-gym- 

 nasia and Latin schools 214, of KeaNelmleii 

 and Burgerschulen of a higher grade 486, 

 with nn aggregate number of 177,379 stu- 

 dents, of whom 72.6 per cent, were Protes- 

 tants, 18.8 per cent. Catholics, and 8.7 per 

 cent. Israelites. 



The budget estimates of the empire for the 

 year 1874 fix the total expenditures at 148,- 

 000,000 thalcrs. The sources of revenue were 

 calculated at 126,000,000 thalcrs; the remain- 

 der, amounting to 'J-J.noo.OOO thalers, falling 

 to the charge of the individual States, assessed 

 pro rata of population. The sum of 121,000,- 

 000 was placed under tin- land of ordinary or 

 continuing (fortlnufende) expenses, and the 

 sum of 27,000,000 under the head of extraor- 

 dinary expenses. The ordinary expenditures 

 were distributed as follows : 



Imperial Chancery 1,171.000 



KeirhfUe 67.090 



n Office 1 .660.000 



Imperial Army BS.e38.COO 



Imperial Nan 4.r,i 1.000 



he Imperial debt. *.l 



'."(HI 



Supreme Ci'url of Commerce icc.n.n 



ntloni H.MO.OOO 



H'Trmiieratloun for rent 5, 351. IKK) 



Imperial lUllroad-Offlcc 40.000 



