GOYOXK, GIUSEPPE. 



would have preferred to remain with France, 

 accepted the separation and the present in- 

 corporation with Germany aa an accompi 

 fact, and believed that tin- representation of 

 Alsace and Lorraine in the Dicta of the Circles 

 and of the Districts ( Kreistage " and Be- 

 zirkstage"), as well as in the German Reichs- 

 tag, should look oat for the particular interests 

 of Alsace and Lorraine, without regard for 

 either France or Germany. The second an- 

 nual report on the administration of the Reichs- 

 land, which was made to the Reichstag rep- 

 resented the progress of education as entirely 

 satisfactory. The introduction of compulsory 

 education has imparted a new interest in the 

 public schools. The Lyceum of Strasbnrg was 

 attended by 580, that of Colmar by 200, that 

 of Metz by 270 pupils. The University of 

 Strasburg, which during the first six months 

 after its opening on May 1, 187:.'. Inul hud 212 

 students, had 890 during the winter mouth-; 

 of 1872-'7S. The leading men of the Reichs- 

 land paraded, however, on many occasions, 

 their French sympathies. The burgomaster 

 of Strasburg, Lam li, frankly declared to the 

 Oberprfisident of Alsace-Lorraine that he had 

 remained in the country only because he ex- 

 pected the return of the French. He was 

 therefore deposed by an order of the Emperor, 

 dated April 12th, whereupon the town council 

 of Strasburg also resigned. 



An important change took place, during the 

 year 1878, in the relation of Germany to the 

 three Scandinavian kingdoms. The idea of 

 establishing intimate relations with Germany 

 found an influential champion in the Nor- 

 wcirian poet and publicist, lijdrn-tjernc Bjorn- 

 son, whose articles on the subject in the Nor- 

 wegian press called forth a very animated con- 

 troversy. Even in Denmark several news- 

 papers and even magazines expressed the 

 highest admiration of the progress of Ger- 

 many, and one of the most prominent papers, 

 the Xyt j{ftonbtad, openly advocated the 

 alliance. When King Charles XV. of Sweden, 

 a devoted friend of Franco, died, ho was suc- 

 ceeded by IIH brother, Oscar II., who is mar- 

 ried tn ii German princess, und favors the 

 establishment of fri. ndly relations with Ger- 

 many. Soon after his coronation at Dront- 

 heim, on July 18th, King Oscar invited the 

 n-|irincc of the German Empire to a visit. 

 Dnrinir bis stay in Norway and Sweden, I'mm 

 August 7th to the 17th, the crown-prince met 

 with a very friendly reception both on the 

 port of the people and of the press. On his 

 return, ho wan met by the Crown-prim 

 Denmark at Mai mo, and upon h'm \i\\ ' 

 visited the Danish court, where his reception 

 was of no friendly n diameter that public 

 opinion considered the relations between tlio 

 reicnim: houses of Germany and Denmark as 

 pernir.ii'-ntly rce-tahli-hcd on a friendly basis. 

 V(>NK. J.icntcniint-Genenil GiroKrrR, an 

 Italian soldier. diph>tiiatit. and st.-itcMiian. burn 

 in Piedmont, in 1826; died at Alba, Piedmont, 



January 26, 1878. He was from an eminent 



I'iedmontese family, and was sent when very 

 young to the Military Academy at Turii 

 graduated as lieutenant on the staff in 1845, 

 before he was nineteen years of age. In 1848 

 he served on the staff of the Duke of Genoa's 

 division, under the orders of General (then 

 Colonel) Alfonso La Marmora. He fought in 

 the campaigns of 1848-'49, and in the latter 

 year, attached to the division General La Mar- 

 mora then commanded, he took part in 

 siege of Genoa, where, by his courage and cool- 

 ness in the execution of an order at a critical 

 moment, he was considered to huve contributed 

 not a little to the surrender of the place and to 

 the lessening of bloodshed. La Marmora 

 his fine military qualities, and never afterward 

 lost sight of him. A captain in 1658, he was 

 sent by the Sardinian Government to watch 

 the military operations on the Danube. He 

 was in Silistria during the liege. Hi- r. 

 to his Government were so able that they par- 

 ticularly attracted the attention of Cavi.ur, 

 ever watchful of ability in young mt-n, and 

 prompt to avail himself of it. Si <me of those 

 reports, says an old friend of Govone, Deputy 

 Massari, who was then in a position to be 

 nizant of this little-known fact, were printed 

 in the Piedmontete Gazette, and the Emperor 

 Napoleon was so struck by them that ho re- 

 quested Cavour to send him all Captain Go- 

 Mine's reports. Frcm the Danube Govone 

 went to the Crimea, where ho was known to a 

 ).-reat number of English officers. He was 

 present and wounded at the battle of ! 

 klava. 'When the Sardinian contingent jciiu <1 

 the allied army. Govone took hi- | <' 

 ond chid' of La Marmora's staff, of which ' 

 cral Pcttiti was then at the head. His in : 

 in that c:imp:iign was remarkable, and his blue 

 plume (the color of the Sardinan Mat]') was 

 everywhere to be seen. On the Tchermiyn 

 and under the walls of Sevastopol he win fresh 

 distinction, and proved himself well worthy of 

 the field-officer's rank to which he w as pro- 

 moted. He was a hard worker in peace-time 

 an well as a good leader in the field, and hnd 

 his full share in the various improvements 

 made in the Sardinian army. He served in 

 the campaign of 1859, distinguished himself 

 on every occasion ; also in 1800, and w:> at'Ur- 

 ward actively engaged in the repression of 

 brigandage in Sicily. In isfi6 General La 

 Marmora was President of the Council, and 

 Mini-ter of Foreign Affairs. Gm. n. -i n.ioyed 

 bis full rontiilcnrc. and he knew that his tab nt- 

 were diplomatic as well us military. He did 

 not scruple to intrust him with the M n deli- 

 cate mission of arrunpinp that alliance between 

 Tni'-ia and Italy which resulted in the 

 paign of isr.u. It was a difficult negotiation. 

 and many despaired of its success, lli-tory 

 will record dovone's dexterity in bringing it to 

 a happy is-ne. When he had done his duty ns 

 negotiator, he hastened to do it as a soldier. 

 Ho had already been lieutenant-general for 



