330 



GKEAT BRITAIN. 



of India, Defender of the Faith; born May 84, 

 1819; succeeded to the throne, June 2", 1887; 

 crowned, Juno 28, 1838; married, February 

 10, 1840; widowed, December 14, 1861. The 

 heir-apparent to the throne i- h li. II. Albert 

 Edward, Prince of Wales, born November 8, 

 1841. The cost of this nominal sovereignty to 

 the British nation is somewhat heavy. The 

 allowances to her Majesty from the civil list 

 (embracing the maintenance of her Majesty's 

 household and retainers) for the year 1873-'73 

 407,000 =$2,086,000, to w'hich were to 

 be added the allowances to other members of 

 the royal family, all but four, children of the 

 Queen 132,000=$660,000 and in view of 

 the then approaching marriage of Prince Alfred 

 (Duke of Edinburgh), second son of the Queen, 

 to a Russian princess, 10,000=$60,000 \\ ch- 

 added to his allowance, and 6,000= $80,000 

 to his wife. To these again are to be added 

 the annual expenditure on the roval palaces, 

 which in 1873 was 80,615=$163,07G ; the, 

 revenues of the duchy of Lancaster, which ac- 

 crue to the Queen (these were, in 1873, net 

 65,658=$328,290) ; and those of the duchy 

 of Cornwall, which accrue to the Princ* of 

 Wales (these were, in 1878, net, alter deducting 

 all expenses of management, salaries, etc., 62,- 

 849=$31 1,745). The total annual revenue of 

 the royal family is therefore $3,567,714. But 

 the actual rulers, the premier iind cabinet, are 

 paid also, if not BO liberally, yet fair salaries for 

 their duties. The income of the premier, aside 

 from all expenses of rent, clerkship, etc., from 

 :iice is $37,500, together with lair salaries 

 to any member of hi* family who may be able 

 to fill any subordinate office in the Treasury. 

 The Lord High-Chancellor receives $60,000; 

 the Attorney. (iein-ral, $35,000 and fees; the 

 Solicitor-General, $30.000 mid fees; the Sec- 

 retaries of the Home, Foreign, Colonial. India, 

 and War offices, $25,000 each; the First Lord 

 of the Admiralty, $22,500 ; the Chief Secretary 

 for Ireland, $22,125; and the other eight or ten 

 officers who are sometimes in the cabinet, and 

 sometimes not, $10,000 each, except the Post- 

 master-General, who was not in Mr. Glad- 

 stone's laM cabinet, and who receives $13,600. 

 The ministry during the year 1878 were as 

 follows, the first fourteen names constituting 

 the cabinet: Rt. Hon. William Ewart Glad- 

 stone, First Lord of the Treasury and Ch.-m- 

 cellor of the Exchequer; Rt. Hon. Lord Sel- 

 borne, Lord High-Chancellor : lit. Hon. Lord 

 Aberdare. Lord President of the Council; Rt 

 Hon. Yis.-oiint Halifax, Lord Privy Seal ; Rt. 

 Hon. Robert Lowe, Secretary of State for the 

 II.. me Department; lit. Hoii. Earl Granville, 

 Secretary of State for the Foreign Depart- 

 ment; Rt. lion. Earl Kimberley. Secretary of 

 State for the Colonial Department ; lit. Hon. 

 Edward Cnrdwell, rV.-rctary of State tor the 

 War Department; his Grace the I)uke of Ar- 

 gyll. Secretary . India; Kf. Hon. G. 



S'lmiralty; 

 Et. Hon. the Marquis of Hartington, Chief Sec- 



retary for Ireland ; Rt. Hon. James Stansfield, 

 I'n.-idciit of the Local Government Board; 

 lit. Hon. William E. Eoster, Yicc-I'rcsi.l, 

 the Committee of the Privy Council on Educa- 

 tion; lit. Hon. John Bright. Chancellor of tin- 

 Duchy of Lancaster. The other members of 

 the ministry were: Field-Marshal, II. Ii. II. 

 the Duke of Cambridge, Commander-in-Chief; 

 Lord Frederick Cavendish. William Henry 

 Gladstone, Esq., and Hon. W. A. Fulke Gre- 

 ville, Junior Lords of the Treasury ; lit 

 .1. G. Dodson, and Arthur Wellesley Peel. : 

 Joint Secretaries of the Treasury ; Admit ;:! 

 Sir Alexander Milne, G. C. U., Vice-Admiral 

 Sir J. W. Tarleton, K. C. B., Hear- Admiral E. 



B. P. Seymour, C. B., and the Earl of Camp, r- 

 down, Junior Lords of the Admiralty: G. .1. 

 Shaw Lefevro, KMJ., Secretary of the Admiral- 

 ty ; Rt. Hon. William Patrick Adam, Con 

 sioner of Works and Public Building*; Dr. 

 Lyon Play fair, C. B., Postmaster-General ; lit. 

 Hon. Chichester P. Fortescue, President of 

 Board of Trade; Sir Henry James, Attorney- 

 General; Sir William Vernon Harcourt, Soli- 

 citor-General. The changes in the ministry 

 in 1873 were: Lord Aberdare (formerly lit. 

 Hon. Henry Austin Bruce) succeeded the 

 Marquis of Ripon as Lord President of the 

 Council; ilr. Gladstone added the duties of 

 Chancellor of the Exchequer to those of FirM 

 Lord of the Treasury which he already filled, 

 and Rt. Hon. Robert Lowe was transferred 

 from the chancellorship of the Exchequer to 

 the office of Secretary of State for the Home 

 Department, succeeding Rt. Hon. II. A. Bruce 

 in that position; Rt. Hon. John Bright re- 

 sumed his seat in the cabinet, as Chancellor 

 of the Duchy of Lancaster, succeeding Sir II. 



C. E. Childcrs ; Dr. Lyon Playfalr smre,<K,l 

 Rt. Hon. William Monsell as Postmaster-Gen- 

 eral. The House of Lords in 1878 consisted 

 of 477 members, of whom, however, a largo 

 proportion do not habitually take their places. 

 The House of Commons, elected in ; 



sisted of 658 mem hers, of whom nearh 

 were present on the occasion of important 

 votes. 



The recess of Parliament from August, 1872, 

 to February, 1878, was a period of more than 

 usual activity with the members, many of 

 whom discussed before their constituents the 

 proposed measures of the ministry, defending 

 or denouncing them, according to their own 

 views of their tendency. Whin Parliament as- 

 sembled on the 6th of February, 1878, it 

 evident that the session was to bo a stormy 

 one, and that the number of Mr. Gladstone's 

 stanch adherents was, from one cause or 

 another, diminishing. Much of this alienation 

 of feeling was due to tin- tenacity with which 

 he had pressed legislation which bad given of- 

 fense to the aristocracy, who were unwilling 

 to accept measures curtailing their powers 

 and authority, especially when urged by a 

 commoner. There was dissatisfaction also on 

 the part of the working-classes, who, though 



