334 



GREAT BRITAIN. 



into the United StateB Treasury. The rela- 

 tions of the two countries during the year 

 were very cordial, and negotiations were pend- 

 ing at the close of the year for some modifi- 

 es in the interests of humanity in regard 

 to the passages of emigrants, and the treat- 

 ment of sailors on merchant-vessels. The two 

 nations acted in harmony ill the vigorous pro- 

 tests against the barbarous massacre of the 

 passengers and crew of the Virpnins at San- 

 tiago de Cuba, and in insisting on the delivery 

 and indemnification of the survivors. The final 

 revision of the census of 1871 increases the 

 number of inhabitants of the United Kingdom 

 to 81,867,888, or 40,230 more than at first re- 

 ported. Of this addition 8, 168 were in England 

 and Wales ; 1,405 in Scotland ; 8,657 in Ireland ; 

 208 in the Channel Islands; and 21,802 in the 

 army, navy, and merchant service abroad. The 

 number of paupers reported in England for 

 the year ending March 81, 1878, was 909,980, 

 an increase of 8,604 over the preceding year, 

 notwithstanding the general prosperity of the 

 year and the efforts to promote emigration 

 of the poorer classes. The poor rute was 

 11,979,741=$59,898,705, an increase of 

 $2,380,000 on the preceding year. The num- 

 ber of paupers in Wales has slightly decreased, 

 1.,-inv Vl.lt',; in 1872-'78, instead of 71.462 in 

 1871-72, but the poor rate, 629,197=$8,146,- 

 986, was an increase of about $60,000 on that 

 of the previous year. Largo as the proportion 

 of paupers to the entire population of England 

 and Wales is (one in less than 24 in the former, 

 and one in 27 in the latter), it is exceeded in 

 Ireland, where the total number of paupers in 

 1872-'73 was 296,256, and the amount of tlic 

 poor rates 894,888 = $4,474,440, the paupers 

 being about one to 18 inhabitants. Scotland 

 hss fewer lumpers, but we have no returns for 

 1872-73. The local taxation of the United 

 Kingdom direct and indirect, for 1872, was 

 25,414,100 = 1127,070,600, and receipts for 

 local purposes from other sources swell the 

 total t.. 37.761,100 = $188,766,600. Thegen- 

 eral tuxes and imposts for 1872-'78 amounted t<> 

 77.239,280 = $886,196,400, making a grnml 

 total of local and general taxation of $">7 I. - 

 061,000. To sustain this enormous burden of 

 taxation, the property-owners of the United 

 Kingdom have lands and real estate of an as- 

 sessed valuation of $804,181,116 (very mneh 

 below its actual value), whicli yields a national 

 line of $26,088,340, and, in poor rates, 

 about $07,500,000. There are also the Import* 

 nnd Kzjmrtt of each year, representing nn im- 

 mense volume of business the total imports 

 for the year ending January 1, 1878, having 

 been 364.698,624 = $1,778,468,120, of which 

 72.W53 = $396,fi64,265 were the produc- 

 tion of British colonies or possessions, nnd 

 771 = $1,870,608,800 from forcicn 

 ciiiiiitrii'i. The exports for the same period 

 were I'M 14.588.884 = $1.672.944.170, of which 

 6S.OOO,218=$328,046,090 were to Hriti-h Col- 

 onies and ponsessions, and 248,979,616 = 



$1,244,898,080 were to foreign countries, mak- 

 ing an aggregate of imports and exports of 

 669,282,458 = $8,346,412,290. The greater 

 part of tliis pays tax or duty in some - 

 There are, beyond these, the great volume of 

 manufactures, partly represented in the ex- 

 ports, bat to at least an equal extent in the 

 home consumption ; the mining product*, 

 which are also partly represented in the ei- 

 ports; and the agricultural products, which 

 arc mostly consumed at home, and indeed are 

 insufficient, in some directions, for home 

 supply. 



The British Navy had in November, 1873, 

 220 ships in commission, 58 of these iron-dads 

 and generally of large size. 28 of the numlier 

 ranging from 6,000 to 11,000 tons, and several 

 of the remainder rating over 6,000 tons. 

 There were also at that time 20 new 

 building, four of these of the lur;:. -t class and 

 iron-clads. The 02 iron-clads in comm;- 

 and building have an aggregate horse-power of 

 95,178, and an aggregate tonnage <( 151.279 

 tons. The amount estimated for tin : 

 service for the year 1873-'74 was 9,87'. 

 $49,868,625, an advance of about $1,200,- 

 000 on the year preceding. 



The British military forces (exclusive of 

 the Indian army) consist of the regular forces, 

 numbering 128,968 effective officers and men ; 

 129,000 militia, officers and men; about 18,000 

 yeomanry cavalry; volunteers, 100,750 effec- 

 ti\e officers and men, together with 118,300 

 extra efficients ; and 85,000 army reserve in 

 two classes, including pensioners. The army 

 estimates for 1873-74 were 14,410,400 = 

 $72,082,000. 



The Coal-Trade of Great Britain. It ap- 

 pears, from the evidence taken before the Com- 

 mittee on Coal in 1878, that the total produc- 

 tion of the coal-fields in Great Britain as, in 

 1872, 128,386,758 tons; and the number of 

 persons employed in this production was, ns 

 nearly as could be estimated, 393,344. On tin- 

 average, the production for each person em- 

 ployed WHS nearly 814 tons. There was a 

 considerable increase in the number of persons 

 employed in and about the mines in 1872, 

 but the precise numbers for pre\iotis ^ 

 cannot be accurately given. Ihe production 

 in 1872 was an advance on that of 1871, wl.ich 

 may lie represented as 117,186,278tons. This 

 is 7,000,000 tons more than the output of 1870, 

 which exceeded that of 1809 by 8,000,000. 

 The number of tons of coal exported .; 

 ls7'J. l'J.7]L'.'J31; in 1871, 12,212,000. The 

 rise in theprice of coal began toward the < i.d 

 of 1871. The average price of six qualities of 

 coal at the Man-ton Collieries, in \\ i-st York- 

 shire, at the pit's mouth, was, in 1871, $1.41 

 (gold); in 1872, $2.81 (gold); in the first six 

 months of 1878, $8.27 (gold). The price at 

 Pensc's Adelaide Colliery, in Durham, was 

 $1.86 (pold), in 1870; $8.87 (gold), in lS7i>; 

 and in June, lR7fl. $3.75 (gold). These prices 

 were f( r nil qualities of coal. The wholesale 



