372 



INDIA, BRITISH. 



Enumerations to ascertain the religions of 1872. The following table shows the r 

 the inhabitants of India were taken in the of those in all tin- pruuiu-ea except !; 

 various provinces during the years 1867- and Madras: 



The most notable fact appearing from a com- 

 parison of these figures with former statements 

 on the religious creeds of India is the unex- 

 pectedly large number of Mohammedans. Ac- 

 cording to former statements, they numbered 

 in all India only about 25,000,000, while now 

 they are reported as numbering 35,900,000, 

 exclusive of Madras, which has about 1,500,- 

 000, and Bombay, where they are estimated at 

 2,500,000. 



In the army estimates laid before Parlia- 

 ment in the session of 1872, the strength of 

 the British forces in India for the year 1873-'74 

 was given as follows : officers, 2,875 ; non-com- 

 missioned officers, trumpeters, and drummers, 

 4,669: rank and file, 55,880; total strength, 

 62,977. The native forces in 1871 amount. -il 

 to 102,801. The total strength of the Indian 

 army, in 1857, the ymr lu-iore the mutiny, 

 consisted of 45,522 Europeans, and 232,224 

 natives. 



The total value of the imports and exports 

 of the Indian Empire, including trcnMire, was 

 aa follows, in the year ending March 31, 1872: 



Rice and cotton, which arc prndnocd in all 

 the provinces, head the lint of export*. Tln-n 

 come indigo, tea, and jnto, from C.ilrnttn; 

 opium from Calcutta and Bombay ; coffee 

 from Madras. 



The nnmher of all vesnelj, inrlndinc native 

 craft, which entered the ports of India during 

 the year ending March 81, 1872, was 21,209; 



tonnage, 4,072,916: the number of vessels 

 cleared, 20,676 ; tonnage, 4,260,722. 



On April 1, 1873, the aggregate length of 

 railroad-lines opened for public, traffic was 

 6,478 miles ; of lines in progress, 1,797 miles ; 

 of lines sanctioned, 816 : total, 7,092. The 

 Government of India, in 1869, decided on car- 

 rying out all the new railway extensions by 

 means of direct agency, that is, without the 

 intervention of guaranteed companies, and 

 1,880 miles of state railways were under con- 

 struction in September, 1873. 



The number of post-offices and receiving- 

 houses on March 81, 1872, was 4,769 ; total 

 revenue, 820,894 ; total expenditure, 667,- 

 :>i'; total number of letters and newspapers 

 sent through the post-office, 84,562,000. 



The electric telegraph connects all the im- 

 portant places in India. The aggregate length 

 of the telegraph-lines was 15,102 miles; tt.-tl 

 r. < -ipts, 151,261 ; total expenditures, 129,- 

 562 ; number of offices. 205. 



The present Viceroy and Governor-General 

 of India, Lord Thomas George Boring North- 

 brook, assumed his powers in May, 1872. Ho 

 was born in 1826; is the eldest son of the 

 Right Hon. Sir Francis, first Baron North- 

 brook (a brother of Hon. Thomas Bar:; 

 succeeded his father on September 6, 1866 ; 

 was member of Parliament for IVniirhvn. 

 1857-1806; a Lord of the Admiralty, 1857- 

 1858 ; Under-Secretary for India, for War 

 and Home Office, 1859-1866; Secretary to the 

 Admiralty, 1866 ; Under-Secretory for War. 

 1868-1872. 



The growth of scientific, nnd literary socie- 

 ties among the native communities of India is 

 regarded as a very remarkable sign of pro; 

 and intellectual activity. There have always 

 been societies in India in which Europeans and 

 educated natives meet on common ground, acd 



