376 



IXI'IAN.V. 



can both hear and speak. Of the whole num- 

 ber of pupils. 421 were born deaf, 483 benmio 

 deaf from disease or accident, and 4U are re- 

 corded as uncertain or unknown. The total 

 receipts of the year were $03,512.81, the pay- 

 ments $67,960.83. 



In the State Hospital for the Insane there were 

 474 inmates on the 1st of November, 820 hav- 

 ing been admitted and 814 discharged during 

 the year. The total amount of resources for the 

 year was $207,889.14, and the actual amount 

 expended $155,470.33. 



In the State-prison there were, on the 15th 

 of December, 868 convicts. The average 

 number for the year was 354. The number 

 discharged on account of the expiration of 

 sentence was 103 ; pardoned by the Governor. 

 24 ; pardoned by the President, 1 ; transferred 

 to the House of Refuge, 4; escaped, 2; died, 

 2 ; remanded for new trial, 6. The total re- 

 ceipts of the prison for the year were $57,- 

 465.23, of which $50,069.96 was for labor. 

 The expenditures amounted to $49,743.86, 

 leaving a surplus of $7,721.37. Of the whole 

 number of convicts 265 could read and write, 

 C2 could read only, and 81 could neither read 

 nor write. The number of those who were of 

 intemperate habits was 179. The total number 

 born in the State was 75 ; born in the United 

 States, 290 ; born in foreign countries, 78. 

 The number of whites was 821 ; blnoks, 47. 



The House of Refuge contained 216 boys, 

 the maximum age being sixteen ; 41 were under 

 twelve years. The institution, which has been 

 in successful operation six years, has a farm, a 

 chair-factory, and a shoe-shop. The receipts 

 for the year amounted to $56,598.96, of which 

 $34,900 was appropriated from the State 

 Treasury. The expenditures reached the same 

 amount. 



The second annual meeting of the Xational 

 Congress of Agriculture was held at Indianap- 

 olis on May 28th. About 200 delegates were 

 present from twenty-five States. During the 

 previous year a union had been formed between 

 the Southern Agricultural Congress and the 

 National Agricultural Association of Nashville, 

 Tenn., which was consummated by a joint 

 ntr in St. Louis and the formation of (lie 

 National Agricultural Congress. The second 

 Congress assembled as above stated. Its 

 general objects were thus alluded to by Gov- 

 ernor Heiidricks in his address of welcome: 

 " In your organization you represent all sec- 

 tions of the country, and nil the varieties of 

 agricultural productions. While you may not 

 bo able to consider the modes suggested to 

 promote an increase of the productions of the 

 several sections, yet your attention cannot 

 overlook the policies suggested to promote 

 agricultural values and profits, by the promo- 

 tion of convenient and reliable 7iiarkets, the 

 exchange of commodities between the section*. 

 and the establishment of reasonable and just 

 rates of transportation, and the views you may 

 express will be regarded as of the greatest in- 



terest and importance." Committees 

 appointed on "Transportation," "Society Or- 

 ganization," " Meteorology and Crop Report*," 

 ' Horticulture and Entomology," Agricultu- 

 ral Colleges," "Public Lands," " Railway 

 tera." etc. 



The most important portion of the procc. cl- 

 ings related to the subject of transportation, 

 on which the committee made the following 

 report : 



1. The cheap transportation of persons ami property 

 is a national necessity. Our country is immense. ; anil 

 its climate, productions, and wants, are very varied 

 and diverse in its different parts. The eminent 

 thinker, Dr. Draper, in his " C'ivil Polity of Amer- 

 ica," has stated that he regards cheap transporta- 

 tion, even looking at it singly as a means of com- 

 mingling, fraternizing, and unifying our population, 

 as anatunil necessity. Even more true, it possible, 

 is the statement that the greatest good of the masse* 

 <f the people is to be subserved l>v furnishing all 

 articles, whose production is local, out V!IM 

 sumption tf gi rural and necessary, at tlie lowest pos- 

 sible cost of transportation, tight States in the 

 Northwest produced 800,000,000 bushel- 



in 1862 eighty bushels for every man, woman, or 

 child of its population, and enough, propcrh 

 tributcd, to feed the whole forty millions of the na- 

 tion; while the East had not grain enough to last 

 her more than three months of the year; and the 

 four Southeastern States of South Carolina. Georgia, 

 Alabama, and Florida, required 60,000,000 bush- 

 els more grain than they grew Pennsylvania has 

 cxliaustless mines of coal. Massachusetts, nit I her 

 immense factories, has none. The Southern States 

 have a soil eminently adapted to the pi- 

 cotton and sugar articles sought and i c i e.cei 1 y nil 

 portions of the more Northern States. Missouri has 

 immense mines of iron, which article is i 

 everywhere. The Pacific coast has her wines, her 

 wheat, and her minerals, valuable to all. To t.t< !i 

 and carry these raw products, and the secondary 

 products of their manufacture, from producer to 

 consumer, at the lowest possible cost, is the- wor- 

 thy and most desirable object of the day. It will 

 remove un oppressive burden that now rests like an 

 incubus upon the producing interests of the country, 

 end give cheap food, cheap fuel, and cheap clothing 

 to the people everywhere. 



2. In examining into this subject, we find that, in 

 the first plucc, the present avenues for freight trans- 

 portation are insufficient, or, at leaet, at now organ- 

 ized and operated, do not do their proper work. 

 Our water-routes ore obstructed by falls and rapids 

 that are not overcome, by shoals and sand-bars that 

 are not removed, and for months of the year are 

 M . .ckiielcd by ice or by low water. The railways, 

 being used both for passenger and freight transpor- 

 tation, can carry only relatively small amounts of 

 freight, and both water and niilnny routes r.rc block- 

 aded by an insufficiency of warehouses, elevators, 

 and other means of transferring fi tight at our princi- 

 pal inland and seaboard c 



8. We find, moreover, that rates charged by trans- 

 portation companies are exorbitant as compared w itli 

 'c.ssnry cost, and arc very j>i their 



character at 'points remote from the mat markets. 

 While Mr. .Tosiah Quincy and Mr. K. li. Fc i 

 have demonstrated that II is possible to curry & 

 bushel of grain from St. Louis or Chicago to the 

 seaboard by rail for six cents, we believe' icn cents 

 I -I 1'iishel is ample to do so. The statistics show 

 that, during the last five years, the charge for such 

 ciini.Hge has averaged over thirty-one cents from 

 Chicago, and over thirty-sevc , M. Louis, 



or from three to five time tbc tier Tho 



rates bv water, while considerably lower, are still 

 much above necessary cost, and in the northern part 



