406 



KNIGHT, CHARLES. 



madic, arc ceded by the Khan to Russia. 

 In the event of the Emperor of Russia sur- 

 rendering a portion of this territory on the 

 right bank of the Ama to the Khan of Bok- 

 hara, the Khan of Khiva will acknowledge the 

 latter sovereign as the legitimate proprietor of 

 the- districts thus ceded. Russian vessels are 

 to have the exclusive right of free navigation 

 on the Amu. The Russians are, besides, to 

 hare the right to construct any harbors, piers, 

 factories, and storehouses, on the left bonk of 

 the Amu, where they may also establish farms 

 and carry on agriculture. The manifesto pub- 

 lished on July 25th by Seid Mehemmed Rakhim 

 Bahadur Khan, setting at liberty all slaves in 

 the khanate, and abolishing forever slavery 

 and the inittir in human beings, remains in full 

 force, the Khan's government expressly en- 

 gaging with all its might to compel the strict 

 and conscientious fulfillment of the provisions 

 here detailed. A fine of 2,200,000 rubles is 

 imposed upon the KM van government to cover 

 the expenses of the Russian exchequer in the 

 last war. Considering, however, the scarcity 

 of ready money in the khnnate, and more 

 especially in the coffers of the government 

 considering also the difficulty the government 

 would have in paying the fine within a brief 

 period the government is allowed the option 

 to pay the sum exact in installments, with 

 6 per cent, interest upon the remainder. In 

 the first two years the Khivan government 

 i-i to pay 100,000 rubles annually; in the 

 Fi-rc.nd two years, 125,000 rubles annually; 

 in the third two years, 176,000 rubles an- 

 nually; in the year 1881 that is nine years 

 henco 200,000 rubles ; and every suc- 

 ;ig year, till the final liquidation of the 

 debt. 100,000 rubles at the very least. To 

 facilitate the payment of the first installment, 

 the Khan will be allowed to levy this year's 

 taxes ou the inhabitants of the right bank of 

 the Amu. After the payment of 200,000 ru- 

 bles on November 18, 1892, there will still bo 

 a remainder of 70,054 rubles to be nettled by 

 the payment of 78,557 rubles on November 

 13. 1898. Should the Khan's government 

 wish to shorten the term of payinent. it will 

 enjoy the right of making the annual install- 

 iiii-nti greater than fixed. 



The Russian Government subsequently gave 

 the ceded territory to tin- Khan of Bokhara. 



The Toorkomnn tribes, in the latter months 

 of the year, continued to harass both the Khan 

 of Khiva and the Russians. On Setember 24th 

 800 Cossacks were dispatched from Fort Petro 

 Alexandrovitch against the Tekinsens, and on 

 the 26th. after a forced march of 200 versts, 

 they overtook the Tekinsens nnd completely 

 annihilated them, only eight of the tribe, snc- 

 - in recrowing the Ainu Darya. 



KNliillT, CiiARi.Ra, a celebrated English 

 antlior and publisher, horn nt Windsor, 1 



791 ; died at Addleston, Surrey, March 9, 

 1878. Ills father was a bookseller, nnd the 

 son early went into partnership with him. 



establishing in 1811 the Windtor and Eton 

 xprett, which ho continued to edit until ls-J7. 

 at the same time publishing Knight't Quar- 

 terly Magatine, which had a corps of brilliant 

 contributors, then in the beginning of their 

 literary career. Among these w . re Mucuulay, 

 Mackintosh, Sydney Smith, and Sir Henry 

 Holland. In connection with Mr. Locker. 

 Commissioner of Greenwich Hospital, 1, 

 ited the Plain Englinhman, in 1820, and in 

 1822 removed to Pull Mall, East London, where 

 he published several important works, among 

 which were Milton's "Christian Doctrine." in 

 Latin and English, edited by Dr. .Simiu r. Bish- 

 op of Winchester, and Horace Walpole's ' Let- 

 ters to Lord Hertford. 1 ' In 1827 he became the 

 editor and publisher of several of 

 of the Useful Know]. -y. the "British 



Almanac," "Companion to tlic Almanac," and 

 the "Library of Entertaining Knowledge." 

 In 1882 he commenced the editorship and pub- 

 lication of the Penny Itagaeine, which lie <c in- 

 tinned for eleven years; and in 1888 that of 

 the "Penny Cyclopaedia," a work in the course 

 of which 40,000 were expended by him for 

 original contributions. Having to struggle 

 against the heavy drawback of the paper 

 duty, this work, though largely circulated, 

 involved severe pecuniary loss. This led to 

 his publication of two pamphlets, "The Strug- 

 gles of a Book against Excessive Taxation," 

 and "The Case of the Authors as regards 

 the Paper Duty." From 1838 to 1841 he 

 issued a "Pictorial History of England,'' " J'ic- 

 torial Bible," and a "Pictorial Shakespeare." 

 The public are greatly indebted to Mr. Knight 

 for his assistance in obtaining the removal 

 of the oppressive duty on paper. Another 

 of his books, " Once upon a Time," pub- 

 lished in 1868, consists of a collection of pa- 

 pers, many of which were contributions to 

 various periodicals; and "Knowledge is Pow- 

 er." published in 1855, is a reissue, with large 

 additions, of two small volumes "Results of 

 Machinery," and " Rights of Industry," which 

 had a large circulation at a time when a spirit 

 hostile to scientific progress and to the proper 

 union of capital and labor, was too common 

 among the producing classes. This indefat- 

 igahli! author also edited the " English Cyclo- 

 pH'ilia." and was for seven years engaged on 

 his "Popular History of England," completed 

 in 1862. Repeated editions of both have since 

 been i-siicd. His "Passages of a Working Life 

 during Half n Century," 8 vols., published re- 

 spectively in 1868,1864, and 1865, is a charming 

 autobiography, referring mostly to literary and 

 political characters who had been associated 

 with him, more or less, through life. Mr. 

 Knight also compiled " Half Hours with the 

 ' Mithors," 1847- '4. "Half Hours of Eng- 

 lish History," 1853, and. in 18C.O, "Half Hours 

 with the Best Letter-Writers." His services 

 to popular literature were recognized in his 

 declining years by an annual pension of $1,000 

 from tin' civil list. 



