432 



LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1873. 



the Field of Philosophy " by Banmann ; the 

 "Theorjr of Pwoeptton, by Drosbaeh; and 

 Spir's book on Uie theory of knowing, 

 " Thought and Reality." The last is based upirn 

 an eclectic view. Tfhe Nestor of living G<r- 

 man " Professors of Philosophy," the aged J. 

 11. Fichte, the son of the celebrated originator 

 of Subjective Idealism, and himself the founder 

 of atheistic school, to which I'lriri. Carricrc, 

 Wirtli, and others belong, combats in his most 



,t publication, " A rhcistic View of the 

 I'mverse," at once the atheism of Schopen- 

 hauer's school and the pantheism of I; 

 Ho has also brought out the second volume of 

 his psychology, and maintains in both books 

 lii-i realistic theosophic theory; while in the 

 ' Theory of the Notion of Space," C. Stumpf, 

 a pupil of Lotzo, adopts an empirical basis, 

 and has paid some attention to English psy- 

 chologists. The masterly work of E. Zeller 

 treats, in a classical style, of the " History of 

 Modern German Philosophy since the Time of 

 Leibnitz." In (esthetic. I may mention the 

 "Critical History of vEsthetic," by Schasler. 

 now finished ; the sixth part of the ' Critical 

 Studios," by Vischer pire, and the interesting 

 monograph "On the Sense of Sight," by VU- 

 oher^fi*. All three are Hegelian in tone, and 

 directed against the Herbartinn school. 



It is a sign of the times that of all branches 

 of literature, theology alone last year showed a 

 decrease (from 1,362 works to 1,234) ? Should 

 it show an increase in 1873, it will be due to 

 its foes rather than its friends. The "New- 

 Faith " of Strauss has called the adherents of 

 the "Old Faith," rationalists, and believers in 

 the supernatural to arms, just as his " Life of 

 Jeans" did nearly forty years ago. Of the 

 writers against Strauss, whoso name is legion, 

 I can only mention here Huber, Frosehammer, 

 J. B. Meyer, Zeising, and Nietscho. All 

 Strauat's friends have tnrned his foes, but his 

 foes have not become his friends. His former 

 comrades of the Hegelian school cannot par- 

 don him for having gone over to the Material- 

 ists. 



GREECE. In spite of tho Lnurium dispute, 

 the year has been fertile in literary produc- 

 tions. In moJorn Greek poetry especially. 

 41 The Galatea," of M. Ma.silides, deserves par- 

 ticular attention, because tho author shows, in 

 a spirit wholly Greek, the triumph of fraternal 



ion over the lover's passion ; and because 

 in this point bU " Galatea " diffen from the 

 " Bride * of Schiller, the " Adelaide de Gnes- 

 clin" of \ ri 1 the " 1 <'a Ri- 



mini " of Silvio IVllico. The Poem of Prof. 

 Antoniade*. descriptive of the Armatoles, who 

 in every respect resembled the Cat. runs of the 

 Highlands of Scotland, paints admirably tin- 

 life and manners of those intrepid warriors, 

 and their bloody straggles against Ali Pasha 

 of Janina. 



In pme I have thin year to mention the ad- 

 mirable translation of "Thnrvdidi-s." and of 

 the "Iliad" and "Odyssey," by M. Scalides, 



the excellent treatise by Prof. Venizelos on 

 the private life of the Greeks, ancient and 

 modern, the studies on Neo-HeUenio mythol- 

 ogy, of M. Politis. In the philosophical sci- 

 ences I shall confine nn-i-lf to mentioning, 

 with the warmest praiso. the "Researches and 

 Conjectures regarding Blossius and Diopha- 

 nes, 'of M. Reiiieris, Governor of the National 

 Bank. The learned author, after throwing 

 much light upon the influence exercised by 

 (ireek ideas on Roman society, devotes himself 

 more ]>articularly to proving the influence 

 uhieh the doctrines of Blossius and Diophanes 

 had upon tho Greeks and their project of re- 

 form. 



M. Paul Lambros has brought out an impor- 

 tant treatise on the coinage of the kingdom of 

 Cyprus under the Franks. In the last century 

 only two coins of this kingdom were known. 

 Now, M. Lambros describes 312, of which he 

 has published 141, presenting a great variety 

 of types, shields, escutcheon.-. hofMnMO. por- 

 traits, etc. In the same publication M. Lam- 

 bros gives the names of the various pi 

 in Cyprus, their weights and current values, 

 and he corrects tho mistakes both of De Mas 

 Latrie and of all preceding writers on tho nu- 

 mismatics of the kingdom of Cyprus. 



In theology only two works deserve men- 

 tion : the publication by the Rev. Agathange- 

 los of a manuscript containing the "Dogmatic 

 Theology " of Bishop E. Boulgaris, and on 

 ecclesiastical history by the learned professor 

 at the university. M. Kyriak6s. The first of 

 these books is certainly not abreast of the day ; 

 yet it merits attention from its vast erudition, 

 and clearly proves that the Greeks, during 

 their long servitude, were by no means unac- 

 quainted with the labors of the learned men 

 of the West. The second work, which i-.ha-.cd 

 with great care on the best German u 

 especially those of Gieselcr, Hase, and Kurtz, 

 is extremely interesting to ns, as the author 

 has dwelt especially upon tho history of tho 

 Ka-tern Church from tin- fall of Constantino- 

 ple to 1870. The author's final conclusion is 

 that Christianity is tho only religion with 

 which progress is possible. 



HOLLAND. All branches of literature have 

 been well represented in Holland in 1873; and 

 the increased activity in Belli s-I.cttres forms, 

 in particular, a contrast to tin- state of mutters 

 prevailing in former year-. As usual. Theology 

 takes a high place. E. F. KruytV has ritteii 

 a history on Anglo-Catholicism: while Dr. E. 

 J. Lorgion has begun an a! history 



of the Netherlands; and the first volume of nn 

 historical sketch of the '' Religions 



Instruction in Holland in the Sixteenth and 

 Seventeenth Centuries" has been brought out 

 by Chr. Sepp. .1. G. do Hoop ScbeflVr's " His- 

 tory of the Reformation in the Netherlands 

 down to the Tear 1531 " is a most remarkable 

 book. Besides these, the address delivered by 

 Dr. C. P. Tiele on assuming the professorship 

 at tho Seminary of the Remonstrants at Ley- 



