LIVINGSTONE, DAVID. 



443 



who fonr years later became his wife. After 

 studying for two years the language and cus- 

 toms of the Bak wains he removed in 1843 to 

 Mabosta, where he founded a missionary sta- 

 tion, and during the next six years labored in 

 his calling there and at Kolobeng, a station 

 about tiny miles farther north. In June, 

 1849, in company with Oswell and Murray, 

 two English gentlemen, Dr. Livingstone start- 

 ed on his first exploring expedition into the 

 interior, and in August reached Lake Ngami 

 by crossing the Bakalihari Desert, which had 

 for a long time presented insuperable obsta- 

 cles to persons approaching in that direction. 

 The party returned to Kolobeng in October, 

 and in the succeeding year Livingstone made 

 another journey to the lake, but was prevent- 

 ed by the prevalence of fever, and of the ttetse 

 (a species of fly very troublesome to cattle), 

 from proceeding to the northward of it. In 

 1851, in company with Mr. Oswell, he again 

 started for the north, and, proceeding in a 

 more easterly direction, reached the great river 

 Zambesi, flowing through the centre of Africa. 

 In April, 1852, he accompanied his wife and 

 children to Cape Town, and, having witnessed 

 their departure for England, returned to 

 Euruman with the intention of selecting a lo- 

 cality for a new station, which should be free 

 from the annoyance of the Boers a degraded 

 cbiss of white settlers who regarded with 

 disfavor his efforts to civilize the natives, and 

 his attempts to suppress slavery. While at 

 this place he learned that the Boers had car- 

 ried their hostility so far as to plunder his 

 house, and devastate the missionary settle- 

 ment lie had formed. Being now free from 

 pastoral cares, he departed on his most im- 

 portant northern tour, and in May, 1853, 

 reached Linyanti, the principal town of the 

 Makololo tribe, where he was kindly received 

 by the Chief Sekeletu, and the entire popula- 

 tion. Departing thence in November, he pro- 

 ceeded up the Leeambye River and its afflu- 

 ent, the Leeba, to Lake'Dilolo, and thence with 

 considerable difficulty and peril by way of 

 the Coiif.'<> liiver to Angola, at the capital of 

 which country, Loanda, on the western coast 

 of Africa, he arrived May 31, 1854, and was 

 hospitably received by the Portuguese author- 

 ities stationed there. Leaving Loanda in the 

 cn-uirig September, he reached Linyanti in 

 September, l."io, and thence proceeded down 

 the Leeambye and Zambesi Rivers, which he 

 found to be identical, to Quillimane on the In- 

 dian Ocean, which he reached May 20, 1856. 

 Re then took ship for England, where he ar- 

 rived December 12th of the same year. Dur- 

 ing his sixteen years' absence, Livingstone had 

 twice crossed the African Continent from the 

 shores of the Indian Ocean to those of the At- 

 lantic, and explored a vast tract of country 

 hitherto nnvisited by Europeans. The magni- 

 tude of his labors and the great results at- 

 tained during this period were thus alluded 

 to by Sir R. Murchison at o meeting of the 



Royal Geographical Society, held in 1856, 

 and at which Livingstone was present. " We 

 are met together," said that distinguished ge- 

 ographer, " for the purpose of welcoming Dr. 

 Livingstone on his return home from South 

 Africa after an absence of sixteen years, dur- 

 ing which, while endeavoring to spread the 

 blessings of Christianity through lands never 

 before trodden by the foot of any European, he 

 has made geographical discoveries of incalcula- 

 ble importance. In all his various journeys Dr. 

 Livingstone has traveled over no less than elev- 

 en thousand miles of African territory ; and he 

 has come back to England as the pioneer of 

 sound and useful knowledge ; for by his astro- 

 nomical observations he has determined the 

 sites of numerous places, hills, rivers, and 

 lakes, nearly all of which have been hitherto 

 unknown, while he has seized upon every op- 

 portunity of describing the physical features, 

 climatology, and geographical structure of the 

 countries which he has explored, and has 

 pointed out many new sources of commerce as 

 yet unknown to the scope and enterprise of 

 the British merchant." 



The reception accorded to the great trav- 

 eler at this time was very cordial. His frank, 

 simple, and manly character made him a great 

 favorite with the people, who were agreeably 

 surprised to find a man in a commercial age 

 rival in devotion and self-sacrifice the great 

 explorers and navigators of the sixteenth cen- 

 tury. In 1857 he published his "Missionary 

 Travels and Researches in South Africa," a 

 work of great interest and value, forming an 

 enduring record of his remarkable journey, 

 republished in the United States by Messrs. 

 Harper & Brothers. In 1858 he returned 

 again to Africa, having been appointed British 

 consul at Quillimane, and soon after his arri- 

 val there departed on another expedition. 

 Sailing up the Zambesi, he attained Lake Ny- 

 assa, where he made further explorations. 

 His wife, who had accompanied him in many 

 of his perilous journeys, died of fever at Shu- 

 panga April 27, 1862, and the expedition re- 

 turned the year following. Dr. Livingstone 

 arrived in England in July, 1864, and after 

 giving interesting particulars respecting his 

 discoveries, and publishing a book descriptive 

 of his recent travels, he left his native land 

 for the last time in 1865, with the view of con- 

 tinuing his explorations in the interior of 

 Africa. Ho arrived in Bombay in 1866, and 

 thence sailed for Zanzibar, whence he started 

 for the interior by way of the river Rovnma, 

 which flows into the Indian Ocean at Mikin- 

 dany, about five degrees south of Zanzibar. 

 In the month of April, 1867, Livingstone dis- 

 covered Lake Liemba, south of Tanganyika, 

 and going westward thence found Lake Moero 

 on the 8th of September. In December, 1867, 

 lie was at Cazembe's town. After an ineffect- 

 ual attempt to cross the lake to TJjiji, he re- 

 turned to Cazembe's in February or March, 

 1868, and then went south of Lake Bange- 



