MUNDT, CLAEA, NE MILLER. 



NAUMANN, KARL F. 



523 



satisfactory, and, on October 22d, Spain de- 

 clared a war which lasted until March 26, 

 1860, when the Moorish sovereign ceded to the 

 Spaniards an immense tract of territory, val- 

 ued at more than 50,000,000, besides guaran- 

 teeing a money indemnity of 20,000,000 pias- 

 tres. Point Ceuta, opposite to and thirty- 

 eight miles from Gibraltar, is a part of the 

 ceded territory. After the peace of March 26, 

 1860, Sidi Mohammed made efforts to renew 

 friendly relations with the European powers. 

 He adopted measures for the improvement of 

 navigation, and ordered the erection of many 

 light-houses along the coasts. The concessions 

 he made to foreigners in relation to customs 

 duties ronsed dissatisfaction among many of his 

 subjects, and in 1862 nearly compelled his ab- 

 dication. In June, 1864, he issued a decree 

 permitting free trade to all the European pow- 

 ers, throughout the whole extent of his empire. 

 Several times extensive insurrections occurred, 

 but they were always put down with a strong 

 hand. To suppress one, more general than 

 most of them, in 1867, he put himself at the 

 head of an army of 30,000 men. The Moors 

 of both sexes are remarkable for obesity, and 

 the Sultan was reputed to be the heaviest man 

 in his dominions. In 1863 he weighed SCO 

 pounds, and he had since greatly increased in 

 corpulency. 



MDNDT, CLABA, nee MILLER, a German 

 novelist, better known by her nom deplume of 

 LorisA MCHLBACH, born in New Brandenburg, 

 Meoklenburg-Slrelitz, January 2, 1814; died 

 in Berlin, September 27, 1873. She -was the 

 daughter of a man of superior education, and 

 herself received the best advantages of intel- 

 lectual culture, which she zealously improved. 

 While traveling in Italy in 1836 she met Theo- 

 dor Mnndt, then a promising young author. 

 They were married in 1838, and lived for some 

 years in Berlin, where he was appointed a pro- 

 fessor in the University of Brcslan. Ho was 

 one of the leaders of the " Young Germany " 

 party, but was for some years before his 

 death, in 1861, in a condition of mental infirmi- 

 ty and helplessness. His wife had brought 

 him back to Berlin, where she continued to 

 reside till her death. She had won some repu- 

 tation as an author before her marriage by 

 her "First and Last Love," published in 1838, 

 and, from that time till her death, her pen 

 was almost constantly employed. Her works 

 were of three classes : those in which she dis- 

 cussed, either in the garb of romance, or in the 

 form of essays, those moral and social ques- 



tions which in this country have come to 

 be known as "woman's rights" doctrines; 

 those which describe simply the scenes of 

 every-day life; and those which are strictly 

 historical romances. It is the last and by far 

 the most numerous class of her works that have 

 been chiefly republished in other countries. 

 Messrs. Appleton translated and published 

 twenty of the historical novels, most of them 

 originally issued in two or three volumes. Yet 

 Mrs. Mundt, though writing all her novels 

 with her own hand, was not deficient in her 

 duties as a wife, mother, or matron. She wcs 

 remarkable for her extensive knowledge and 

 ready memory on all historical subjects. Her 

 residence in Berlin was for many years the 

 resort of persons distinguished In the realms of 

 literature and art, and her receptions were 

 almost as famous as those of Madame R6ca- 

 mier. Her two daughters were carefully edu- 

 cated under her own supervision, and one be- 

 came an actress, while the other is already 

 known as a writer of fiction. The "Louisa 

 Muhlbach " historical novels translated and 

 republished here and in Great Britain were: 

 "Queen Hortense;" "Goethe and Schiller;" 

 "Andreas Hofer;" "Old Fritz and the New 

 Era;" "Napoleon and Blucher;" "The Em- 

 press Josephine ;" "Napoleon and the Queen 

 of Prussia ; " "The Daughter of an Empress ; " 

 " Marie Antoinette and her Son ; " " Joseph 

 II. and his Court ; " " Frederick the Great and 

 his Court;" "Frederick the Great and his 

 Family ; " ' Berlin and Sans-Souci, or, Fred- 

 erick the Great and his Friends; " "The Mer- 

 chant of Berlin, and Maria Theresa and her 

 Fireman ; " " Louisa of Prussia and her 

 Times; " " Henry VIII. and Catharine Parr; " 

 "Prince Eugene and his Times;" "Moham- 

 med All and his House;" "The Story of a 

 Millionnaire ; " "Two Life Paths." The fol- 

 lowing have not been translated, though we 

 give their titles in English : " First nnd Last 

 Love" (already mentioned), 1838; "The Life 

 of Woman : Daughter, Spouse, Artist, and 

 Princess," 1839; "Voyager Birds," 1840; 

 "The World," 1841; "The Nursling of Na- 

 ture," 1842; "Fortune and Money," 1842; 

 "Justin," 1843; "Gisela," 1844; "Eva," 

 1844; "After the Marriage," 1844; "Novels 

 and Scenes," 1845; "Sketches of Travel," 

 1846; "Court Histories," 1847; " Aphra 

 Behn," 1849 ; " The Nurslingof Society," 1850; 

 "The World and the Theatre." 1854; "Nov- 

 els," 4 vols., 1865; "Novelettes," 2 vols., 

 1860-66. 



NAFMANN, KABL FRIEDBICH, Ph. D., a 

 German mineralogist and author, born at 

 Dresden, May 30, 1797; died at Leipsic, De- 

 cember, 1873. He was a son of the eminent 

 musical composer Amedee Nanmann, and 



early developing a taste for physical science, 

 he was sent to the Academy of Mines at Frei- 

 berg, where he was a pupil of the geologist 

 Werner, after whose death he continued his 

 studies at Leipsic and Jena; but learning that 



