528 



NEBRASKA. 



NELATON, AUGCSTE. 



("h In Treasury $396,834 85 



Taxes duo January 1, 187S 444,457 86 



Delinquent taxes doe (General and Stutiii,- 



Kuml) S15,8S1 80 



Militia expenses (due from Untied States).. . 19.809 85 



TotaL $S36,OS86 



The total appropriations necessary for 1873 

 and 1874 were estimated at $259,756, includ- 

 ing $72,600 for salaries, $46,000 for the Peni- 

 tentiary, $63,000 for the Insane Asylum, $10,- 

 850 for legislative expenses, $9,600 for official 

 expenses, and $51,706 for general expenses. 



The public lands of the State, 360,625 acres, 

 were valued at $38,226,839. The valuation of 

 other property was: town lots, $10,229,278; 

 merchandise, $2,800,861 ; manufactures, $281,- 

 840; stocks and shares, $301,612; moneys 

 and credits, $1,536,834; household furniture, 

 $208,811. 



There were 59,218 horses, valued at $7,- 

 943,896; 161,835 neat-cattle, valued at $3,- 

 288,054; 12,930 moles and asses, valued at 

 $331,241; 25,971 sheep, valued at $33,983; 

 and 132,483 swine, valued at $3,231,564. 



The railroad property was valued at $9,507,- 

 095; telegraph property at $362,522; while the 

 total valuation of the State was $69,873,818. 



Nebraska has upward of 1,200 miles of rail- 

 roads, while the length of the projected roads 

 is atmut 800 miles more. Among the com- 

 pleted roads are the Union Pacific, traversing 

 the State from Omaha to Bushnell, 463 miles; 

 Omaha & Northwestern, from Omaha to Clin- 

 ton, 114 miles; Burlington & Missouri in Ne- 

 braska, from Omaha to Kearney Junction, via 

 Crete and Beatrice, 191 miles; Midland Pa- 

 cific, from Nebraska City to Lincoln, 58 miles ; 

 Brownville & Fort Kearney and Pacific ; Sionx 

 City Pacific, from Sioux City to Fremont, 88 

 miles; Omaha & Southwestern. The pro- 

 jected roads are from Clinton to the Niohrara 

 Kiver; from Pierce to Sionx City; from 

 Pierce to North Platte ; from Pierce to Co- 

 lumbus ; from Columbus to Crete ; from 

 Pierce, in Pierce County, to Yankton; from 

 Fort Kearney to Jefferson ; from Fairbury to 

 Beatrice ; from Beatrice to Brownville ; from 

 Beatrice to Marysville ; from Fairbury to Rod 

 Clond and thence up the Republican; from 

 Grand Island to St. Paul in Howard County ; 

 from St. Paul to intersect the Pierce & North 

 Platte Railroad at Junction City in Valley 

 County. The last-named branch traverses the 

 beautiful valley of the North Lonp almost its 

 entire length, running through Howard, Gree- 

 ley, and Valley, all now counties, and but par- 

 tially settled. 



The agricultural resources of Nebraska are 

 considered to bo of a high order. Oats, rye, 

 barley, potatoes, corn, wheat, buckwheat, sor- 

 ghum, tobacco, sweet-potatoes, and sugar-beet, 

 are among the crops that flourish. Not less 

 than 50,000,000 acres are well adapted to their 

 production. The average yield of wheat for 

 ten years has been about 26 bushels per acre, 



while from 45 to 75 bushels of corn per acre 

 are produced. 



The freedom from severe frosts in May and 

 September makes it an excellent fruit-jirodu- 

 cing State, and it will ^row appi 

 peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, currants, 

 strawberries, and raspberries. At tlie lair 

 held in Richmond, Va., in 1871, Nebraska ex- 

 hibited 176 varieties of fruit, 140 of which 

 were apples. Iowa came next, and had 118 

 distinct varieties of apples. Turnips, carrots, 

 ruta-bagas, parsnips, pumpkins, squashes, mel- 

 ons, grapes, cabbages, rhubarb, onions, rad- 

 ishes, lettuce, have all been tried and grow 

 luxuriantly. Flax is a quick crop and has 

 yielded 15 to 22 bushels of seed per acre in 

 ninety days. The castor-bean has been profit- 

 ably cultivated, yielding 15 to 25 bushels per 

 acre, worth $2.50 and $3.00 per bushel. \Vild 

 fruits grow in abundance along all the str> 

 and furnish to early settlers a valuable substi- 

 tute for cultivated fruits. 



NELATON, AUGUSTS, M. D., a distinguished 

 French physician and surgeon, born in Paris, 

 June 17, 1807; died in that city, September 

 29, 1873. He was a pupil of Dupuytren, aud 

 after receiving his medical degree commenced 

 practice in Paris in 1836, and soon after was 

 appointed surgeon of the hospitals, and lect- 

 urer to the Faculty of Medicine. He was a 

 good lecturer and competed for the professor- 

 ship of the Surgical Clinic, a position which his 

 master Dupnytren had once held. Ho failed 

 the first time, in 1850, but succeeded in 1851, 

 over a host of competitors, and by the brill- 

 iancy of his teaching drew around him very 

 large classes. But bis skill as an operator 

 gained him such a reputation that ho was com- 

 pelled to give up his professorship in 1867, and 

 receive the title of Emeritus Professor. He 

 extracted the ball by which Garibaldi was so 

 grievously wounded, and in 18G7 by a skillful 

 operation saved the life of the prince imperial. 

 In 1866 he wasoppointed Surgeon in Ordinary 

 to Napoleon III., and his private practice was 

 beyond that of any other French surgeon. In 

 18D6 he was elected a member of the Academy 

 of Medicine in the section of Surgical Pa- 

 thology. In 1868 he was made a Senator of 

 France, and the year previous Grand Officer 

 of the Legion of Honor; Rnyer, Michel I.e\y. 

 and Ricord being the only other physicians 

 who have received this honorable distinction. 

 Science is indebted to him for some mollifica- 

 tions in operating. lie has given his name to 

 a process for setting the shoulder, and another 

 for the elbow, also to an operation in lithotomy 

 called the faille Ae Neuiton. The ingenious 

 probe called by his mime, for discovering and 

 identifying a rifle-ball by the stain oft lie 1. ml. 

 is also one of his inventions. The rigors of 

 the siogo of Paris contributed to his death, and 

 he finally succumbed to an organic disease of 

 the heart from which he had long suffered. 

 Dr. Nelaton's published works were : " Re- 

 searches upon the Tuberculous Affection of the 



