NORTH CAROLINA. 



557 



The financial problem was the most im- 

 portant subject before the Legislature at the 

 session beginning in November. What was 

 considered the best plan was reported by the 

 joint select committee upon the State debt 

 in the " bill to adjust the State debt," which 

 was in prospect of passing both Houses at 

 the close of the year. This provided for the 

 issue of $6,000,000 coupon bonds to be dated 

 July 1, 1874, bearing six per cent, interest 

 payable seini - annually in New York, "to 

 compromise and pay off the outstanding debts 

 of the State with the accrued interest on the 

 same." These bonds were to mature as fol- 

 lows: $500,000 July 1, 1904, and $500,000 

 the first of each succeeding July up to July, 

 1916. The purposes for which these bonds are 

 to be used are specified in the act as follows: 



That the said bonds shall remain in the office of 

 the Treasurer of the State, and shall be held by 

 the Treasurer for the following purpose and no 

 other, to wit : To be used in exchange for the out- 

 standing bonds and certificates of indebtedness of 

 the State as is herein provided, viz. : First, for all 

 North Carolina bonds (issued for the construction of 

 the North Carolina Kailroad) with due coupons on 

 same, fifty cents on the one dollar second, for all 

 ante-war bonds, dated anterior to the war, with the 

 accrued interest on the game, thirty cents on the one 

 dollar ; third, for all bonds issued since the close of 

 the war (other than special tax), including all fund- 

 ing bonds issued under the acts of the Legisla- 



ture in 1866 and 1868, and all accrued interest on 

 the same, except $44,000 Penitentiary bonds and in- 

 terest on same, twenty cents on the one dollar, and 

 lor bonds issued for internal improvement purposes 

 alter May 20, 1861, and prior to May, 1865, twenty 

 cents on the dollar. 



Provision is made for the payment of the in- 

 terest on the bonds by " a tax of twenty-live 

 cents on the $100 valuation of all the real and 

 personal property of the State, and eight and 

 one-third cents on the poll is hereby levied, 

 and shall be annually collected as other taxes. 

 But no tax shall be collected until the proposed 

 exchange of bonds shall be made, and it shall 

 be the duty of the Auditor on the 1st day of 

 November, 1874, to ascertain from the Treas- 

 urer the amount of bonds so exchanged, and 

 shall then order the collection of a sufficient 

 amount of tax as above provided to pay the 

 interest on the amount of bonds so exchanged, 

 said tax to be collected and paid into the 

 Treasury by the 1st of January, 1875, and thnt 

 the coupons coming due 1st January, 1875, 

 shall be receivable for said taxes." 



The State had 87 miles of railroads in 1841 ; 

 283 in 1851 ; 937 in 1861 ; and 1,143 in 1873. 



The following table shows the railroads 

 lying wholly or partly within the State, with 

 the termini of the lines so projected, the 

 length of the entire road, and the number of 

 miles in operation in the State in 1873 : 



NOTT, JOSIAH CLAEK, M. D., ethnologist 

 and physiologist; born in Columbia, S. C., 

 March 31, 1804; died at Mobile, Ala., March 

 31, 1873. He wns a son of Judge Abraham 

 Nott, graduated from South Carolina College 

 in 1824, and received the degree of M. D. at 

 Philadelphia in 1827, remaining there two 

 years as demonstrator of anatomy. Returning 

 to Colombia he entered upon the practice of 

 his profession, in which he was eminently suc- 

 cessful. In 1835 he went to Europe, spending 

 two years in the study of medicine, natural 

 history, and the kindred sciences, and, upon 

 his return, resumed the practice of his pro- 

 fession in Mobile, where he established a medi- 

 cal college which the Legislature of Alabama 

 endowed with $50,000, and made a branch of 



the State University. In the winter of 1857 

 he was Professor of Anatomy in the University 

 of Louisiana. Besides many valuable articles 

 contributed to different medical journals, Dr. 

 Nott published several ethnological works 

 which have attracted great attention both in 

 Europe and the United' States. Among these 

 are two lectures on " The Connection between 

 the Biblical and Physical History of Man " (8vo, 

 1849) ; " The Physical History of the Jewish 

 Race," 1850 ; "Types of Mankind " (4to, 1854), 

 and " Indigenous Races of the Earth," 1857. 

 The last two were prepared with the aid of 

 Mr. George Gliddon, who died at Panama, in 

 1857, and the object of the works was to refute 

 the orthodox theory of the unity of the human 



