OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



601 



In 1847, the moderate Liberal leaders were in 

 power in Tuscany, and Guerrazzi's advanced 

 republicanism brought upon him their hostility, 

 and led to his arrest and imprisonment in a 

 fortress on the island of Elba. He was released 

 soon afterward, however, and took an active 

 part in the disturbances at Leghorn, where he 

 was leader of the radical party. In the min- 

 istry which was formed by Montanelli in 1848 

 he received a portfolio. He then favored the 

 continuance of the war for independence, and 

 demanded a Constituent Assembly for Italy. 

 Gnerrazzi had been active in preventing popu- 

 lar disorders, but the flight of the Grand-duke 

 of Tuscany, which took place later in the year, 

 changed the aspect of affairs. A triumvirate, 

 composed of Guerrazzi, Montanelli, and Man- 

 zoni (not the poet and novelist), was appointed 

 by the Chambers. Until the 12th of April, 1849, 

 Gnerrazzi was dictator, and had all the re- 

 sponsibility of the revolutionary government in 

 his hands. Owing to these events, the republic 

 was declared at Rome, and many of the Tuscan 

 patriots, including Montanelli, favored the an- 

 nexation of Tuscany to the Roman states. Guer- 

 razzi opposed this, and so the seeds of dissension 

 sprang up among the revolutionary leaders. 

 The Grand-duke still had many friends among 

 the people. A reactionary movement began at 

 Florence, which put to flight the revolutionary 

 Government, and terminated the dictatorship 

 of Gnerrazzi, who was shut up in the fortress 

 of Belvedere. The old Constitution was re- 

 stored in Florence, and all the other towns of . 

 Tuscany followed its example. Guerrazzi was 

 cited before the legal tribunals, and was con- 

 demned to perpetual banishment. From that 

 time he devoted himself to literary employ- 

 ment. In 1855 he was allowed to return to 

 Italy. He was elected to the Turin Parlia- 

 ment, where he took his seat among the ex- 

 treme opposition, and retained sufficient of his 

 old radicalism to make his opposition to the 

 Government very uncomfortable. He was 

 elected again in 1865, and was again conspicu- 

 ous in the opposition. But his fondness for 

 literary labor continued to the close of his life. 

 l\'i- principal works were: a collection of 

 tragedies written in bis youth, of which 

 " Priam " is the best known ; a collection of 

 poems, which imitated Byron too closely to be 

 .vry popular. " The Battle of Benevento," an 

 historical romance, which has often been re- 

 printed and translated ; " The Siege of Flor- 

 ence," and "Isabelle Orsini," both written 

 during his first imprisonment ; " Veronica Cy- 

 bo; ' "The Little Serpent," and the "New 

 Tartuffcs," three novels ; a drama, very popu- 

 lar, ' I Bi.inchi e Neri," and a collection of 

 miscellanies, entitled "Writin;rs,"all published 

 in 1847; "Beatrice Cenci," an historical novel, 

 18;iO; a humorous and political periodical, en- 

 titled The At*, conducted in 1856-'58. " Apolo- 

 gy for my Life," 1857 ; a new romance, " Pas- 

 quale Paoli," 1865. 



Sept. 26. CHACORWAO, JEAN, a French as- 



tronomer; died in Paris, aged 50 years. He 

 was born at Lyons, June 21, 1823, and, after re- 

 ceiving a very profound education in the mathe- 

 matical and physical sciences, was an assistant 

 at the Observatory of Marseilles, in 1853 and 

 1854, and in the latter year became astrono- 

 mer to the Paris Observatory. He discovered 

 between that time and 1870 a very considera- 

 ble number of asteroids, and in addition to his 

 labors in the observatory became one of the 

 editors of the "Annals of the Observatory," 

 for which he published an "Atlas of Stars," 

 1858-'63. He was made a Chevalier of the 

 Legion of Honor in 1858. 



Sept. 26. FARBELL, Rt. Rev. JOHN P., D. D., 

 first Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of 

 Hamilton, Ontario, Dominion of Canada; died 

 at Hamilton. He was a native of Kingston, 

 Ontario, and was educated at Montreal. Soon 

 after completing his studies, he was ordained 

 priest, and performed his first duties at 

 L'Original, Ottawa. He was consecrated the 

 first bishop of the new Diocese of Hamilton in 

 1856. He was very widely esteemed. 



Stpt. 80. ARNOLD, Mrs. MAET, widow of 

 the distinguished teacher and historian, Thom- 

 as Arnold, of Rugby and Oxford ; died at Fox 

 How, Ambleside, aged 82 years. She was a 

 worthy companion of her illustrious husband, 

 both in her thorough intellectual culture and 

 her intense zeal for trnth and honor. 



Sept. . SEOUB, PHILIPPE PAUL, Count DE, 

 a French general and historian, a member of 

 the Institute of France ; died in Paris, aged 93 

 years. Born, in that city, November 4, 1780, 

 of one of the oldest and noblest families of 

 France, he entered the French army as a pri- 

 vate in 1799, was Macdonald's aide-de-camp at 

 the battle of Hohenlinden, was for some years 

 on Napoleon's staff, and employed in diplo- 

 matic services; attached to the service of 

 King Joseph Bonaparte in 1806, at the siege 

 of Gaeta, wns wounded in the Spanish cam- 

 paigns, and in the Polish and Russian expedi- 

 tions, was colonel in 1808, brigadier-general in 

 1810, commanded the Fourth regiment of the 

 Guard of Honor in 1813, and distinguished 

 himself at Rheims in 1814. He was out of 

 favor with the Bourbons, but was promoted to 

 be lieutenant-general and a peer of France un- 

 der Louis Philippe. He took no public posi- 

 tion under Napoleon III. Having passed 

 through the inferior grades, he was made 

 grand cross of the Legion of Honor in April, 

 1847. In 1850 he was elected to the French 

 Institute as successor to M. de Levis. General 

 Count de Segur published several historical 

 works of great importance. Among these 

 were: "History of Napoleon and the Grand 

 Army during the Year 1812," 2 vols., 1824; 

 "History of Russia and Peter the Great," 

 1829; ""History of Charles VIII. King of 

 France," 1834; "Historical Eulogy on Marshal 

 Lobau," 1839, and many articles on military 

 science. 



Oct. 4. GATTY, Mrs. MARGABET SCOTT, 



