PERU. 



630 



of the Shah, whom the prime-minister had sent 

 home from Moscow. The Europeans in Tehe- 

 ran generally regarded Mirza Hussein Khau as 

 the most prominent statesman Persia has ever 

 had, and regarded his deposition as the end of 

 all the hopes which had been based upon the 

 journey of the Shah. 



The official paper of Persia (Fran), in its 

 number of the 19th Ramazan, 1290 (November 

 10, 1873), announced that Baron Renter hav- 

 ing failed to fulfill the conditions concerning 

 the construction of the railroad from Resht to 

 Bushire, within the stipulated time, the Per- 

 sian Government had declared the contract 

 concluded with him null and void. 



PERU (REpfrBLicA DEL PEB<J), an indepen- 

 dent state of South America, lying between 

 latitude 3 30' and 21 28' south, and longi- 

 tude 68 C and 81 20' west; and bonnded north 

 by Ecuador, east by Brazil, south by the same 

 empire and the republic of Bolivia, and west 

 l>y the Pacific Ocean. The area of the repub- 

 lic is estimated by most geographers at 500,000 

 square miles ; but, in the official returns of the 

 Peruvian Government, it is set down at 619,977 

 square miles. 



The territorial division is into 14 depart- 

 ments, 2 fluvial departments, 1 littoral and 1 

 i 1 institutional province, all of which, with their 

 estimated population (in 1871), and their capi- 

 tals respectively, are as follows : 



fairs; Minister of the Interior, F. Rosas ; Min- 

 ister of Justice, J. B. Sanchez ; and Minister 

 of Finances, J. M. de la Jara. The President 

 of the Permanent Commission of the Legisla- 

 ture (15 members), E. F. P. Mnfioz. President 

 of the Supreme Court of Justice, B. Mufloz. 

 Postmaster-General, C. Salmon ; Inspector- 

 General of the Army and Navy, General N. 

 Freyre ; Commandant-General of the Navy, 

 Captain D. de la Haza. The Peruvian minister 

 to the United States is Colonel M. Freyre. The 

 Archbishop of Lima is F. Orueta y Castrillon. 

 The land-forces comprise : 



Grand-marshal 1 



Oenerals of division 4 



Generals of brigade 26 



Eight battalions of infantrr, 2,614 men, 271 officers. 2,885 

 Three regiments of cavalry, 638 men, 120 officers ... 788 

 Two regiments and one squadron of artillery, 9,192 

 men, 108 officers 9,300 



Total 12,974 



The artillery corps has 66 cannons, 86 of 

 which are rifle-bored. 

 The navy consists of 



V.i'd-. No. of Com. 



Six iron-clada: 



Independencia, frigate 14 



Atahnallpa, turret-ship 3 



Manco Capac, turret-ship 8 



Union 14 



Victoria 2 



Loa 8 



Six other steamers, mounting respectively 80, 14, 4, 



4, 2, and 2 B6 



Total 94 



The Independencia, built in London in 18C5, 

 has a stem constructed as a ram, and mounts 

 exclusively Armstrong gims on the shunt prin- 

 ciple; on the main-deck, 12 70-ponnders, weigh- 

 ing 4 tons each ; and on the upper deck, 2 pivot- 

 guns, 150-pounders, weighing 7 tons each, and 

 admitting of being fired on a level with the keel.* 



The two great staples of export are guano 

 and nitrate of soda, both of which are almost 

 exclusively sent to Great Britain. In the an- 

 nexed table are exhibited the quantities and 

 value of each of these articles, sent to that 

 country in the five years from 1868 to 1872, 

 inclusive : 



The foregoing figures for the population are 

 those which were published officially in the 

 year referred to ; but the most reliable statis- 

 tical works give it as not exceeding 2,500,000, 

 made up of the following races, and in the 

 following proportions, approximately: Indians, 

 57 per cent. ; mestizoes (cholos and zambos), 

 23 per cent. ; whites, born in the republic, 

 12J; nejrroes, 3J; Chinese, 14; and other for- 

 eigners, 2J. 



The President of the Republic is M. Pardo, 

 elected August 2, 1872. The First Vice-Pres- 

 ident is M. Costos; President of the Council 

 and Minister of War and Marine, J. de la Riva 

 Agttero, who is also Minister of Foreign Af- 



Tho total in the article PERU, In the ANNUAL CTCLO- 

 TMatA for 1872, resulted from an error of the typo. 



In 1871 the number of tons of guano sold on 

 account of the Government in Eur.ope and the 

 Mauritius was 400,170, representing an aggre- 

 gate of $24,701,105; and the sales of the fol- 

 lowing year reached 459,906 tons, at a gross 

 value of $29,103,765. Judging from the ac- 

 count sales rendered for the first four months 

 of 1873, it was fair to presume that the total 

 proceeds of guano in that year would fall little 

 short of $35,000,000, or almost one-fifth of the 



* See AHNTJAI. CTCLOP.SDIA for 1872. 



T 100 Ihs. 



