700 



RUSSIA. 



baa the superintendence of all the religious af- 

 fai rs ofthe empire. The President of l ho Holy 

 Synod is the Metropolitan of Novgorod. The 

 fourth board is the Council of Ministers. It 

 is divided into ten departments, uaiuvly : 



Imperial House.. .. 

 Foreign A/bin 



Wr. . ... 



X.TV . 



Interior ............ 



Public [attraction 

 Finance 



Jnttlce 



Imperial Domains 



Public Worka 



Coon t Alex. Adlerbcr* tl. tapp. 1S70). 

 Prince Alexander Michael Uurlcha- 



(J.'n't-Ml C&'unt Milluton (188J). 

 . Admiral Crabbe (1880). 



General TlmaMheff (1888). 

 . Count Tolstoy (ISM). 



Privj - Councillor M. Ton Bculeru 



(idttx 



Count Pahlen (1868). 

 . Privy-Councillor D. Vmlpnlew (187S). 

 Ueut.-Qen. Count Bobrinaky (1871). 



The department of General Control, for- 

 merly a special department of the ministry, 

 was in 1868 united with the Imperial Ministry 

 of Public Worka. The area and population of 

 the great divisions of the Russian Empire were, 

 according to the latest dates, as follows : 



European Russia, inclusive of the former 

 kingdom of Poland, is divided into sixty gov- 

 ernments, the area and population (in lsr,r i "t 

 which are given in the AJIXUAL CYCLOPEDIA 

 for 1872. The Grand-duchy of Finland con- 

 sists of eight governments, which, according 

 to the latest official dates, had the following 

 area and population : 



The divisions of the countries of the Cauca- 

 sus are as follows: 



DUiKicra. 



fJorrmmi-nt nf Starropol . 



Kahn DUtrtct 



DUtrirt Ter 



Il-trirt Hatatal 



i lowrnmriit of Tlflli 



OorennMnt of Baku 



Oorernnwnt of Krlran 



Oorrtimnnt of Knt.il- 



Oovtrnnvnt of Ellnnbctonol., 

 Mllllarr I)|.|rirt of Snrliiim... 

 Dlitrkt of TKhernomor 



. 



H "77 

 t*.7*> 

 ll.OTB 



1.M7 

 Ift.SM 



u,on 



1 .-.77 



IMM 



..,.., 



J.041 



137.1 IB 



RUM 



. 



M -''J 



num 



UAMO 



uttotn 



i, i-. ini 

 70.701 



Total 



The following cities of Russia have a popu- 

 lation upward of 100,000 inhabitants. 



Petersburg (1869)... 667.086 Odawa (1907) 111.885 



lloacow (1S71)... 011.M7U Klrhluvr t,I*.7> 103,048 



Wanuiw (1S67J... *S1,5S4 Kiya (1807) 10*,04> 



The official estimate of revenue and expen- 

 diture for the year 1878, as sanction. -.1 by the 

 Emperor, is as follows: revenue. ."> IV. :i i 

 rubles; expenditure, 517,3^-2,11)2 rubles; sur- 

 plus, 27,072 rubles. 



The public debt of Russia, on January 1, 

 1872, amounted to 1,019,323,247 rubles. 



According to the project of the transforma- 

 tion of the army, as elaborated by two impe- 

 rial commissions, the Russian army is to con- 

 sist, in future, of about 750,000 men on the 

 peace-footing and of 2,085,000 on the war- 

 footing. 



The- Russian fleet consisted, in 1872, of 268 

 vessels, having 84,277 horse-power, with 1,585 

 guns. The greater and more formidable part 

 of this navy was stationed in the Baltic. The 

 Black-Sea fleet numbered 82 ; the Caspian, 

 81 ; the Siberian or Pacific, 89: and the Like 

 Aral or Toorkistan squadron, 6 vessels. The 

 rest of the ships were either stationed at Cron- 

 etadt or engaged in cruising in European wa- 

 ters. 



The movement of commerce in 1871, ex- 

 clusive of the precious metals, was as follows 

 (value expressed in rubles) : imports, 856,000,- 

 000 ; exports, 852,000,000. 



The merchant navy, in 1872, was composed 

 of 2,514 vessels, 185 of which were steamers. 



The length of railroads in operation, on 

 January, 1878, amounted to 14,582 kilom 

 In November, 1872, the telegraph-lines in op- 

 eration had an aggregate length of 57.780 

 kilometres, while the length of wire was 100,- 

 965 kilometres. 



In .January, Connt Shuvalov was sent to 

 London to inform the English Government of 

 the intentions of the Czar against Khiva and to 

 calm, if possible. English sensibility. Accord- 

 ing to the speech from the throne, which was 

 delivered on February 6th, the mission appeared 

 to have been sn.., tul; at least, no remon- 

 strances were officially made by England 

 against the projected Russian expedition. The 

 intrigues of the Khan of Khiva had, in the 

 mean while, succeeded in exciting on insurrec- 

 tion among the inhabitants ofthe peninsula of 

 Mangyshlak, in order to divert the attention of 

 the Russians from the khanate. The chief 

 instigator of the disturbances persuaded the 

 people that the Russians intended to take away 

 their (locks. Hondvi-H'd thorn to move at once 

 to the borders of Khiva, where all the beys 

 would receive a magnificent reward. Colo- 

 nel Lamakiti succeeded in preventing a 

 eral outbreak, but against one troop of Kliir- 

 gec/, who refiiit-d to listen to his warning, he 

 had to proceed by force. In February and 

 March the Russian troops in several division- 

 setonton this expedition against Khiva, which 

 was a most brilliant success, and the prominent 



